Calcinosis in a roe deer fawn ( Capreolus capreolus ) in northern Germany
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CASE REPORT
Open Access
Calcinosis in a roe deer fawn (Capreolus capreolus) in northern Germany Matthias Gerhard Wagener1* , Annika Lehmbecker2, Melanie Bühler2, Mirja Wilkens3, Teresa Punsmann1 and Martin Ganter1
Abstract Background: Calcinosis has been reported for a broad range of different animals. Causes for calcinosis include metabolic disorders due to kidney failure, intoxication with calcinogenic plants, or iatrogenic overdose of vitamin D. Especially young animals seem to be very susceptible to developing calcinosis. Currently, however, there is a lack of information on calcinosis in wildlife. Case presentation: The following case report describes a roe deer fawn admitted to a clinic due to general weakness and myiasis. Plasma levels for creatinine, urea and phosphate were highly elevated, whereas the total calcium level was decreased. Necropsy revealed calcinosis due to calcification in many organs. The reason for calcinosis in this particular case might be kidney failure. Plasma samples from other hunted roe deer fawns also showed high phosphate levels. Conclusions: Roe deer fawns might be susceptible to calcinosis due to high plasma phosphate, which could be a result of kidney failure or different feed. Further research into calcium and phosphate homeostasis in roe deer is necessary. Keywords: Hyperphosphatemia, Azotemia, Renal failure, Vitamin D, Wildlife
Background Calcinosis can be induced by different metabolic disorders of the calcium phosphate homeostasis like tumourassociated hypercalcaemias, primary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism or iatrogenic hypercalcaemias [1]. Calcinosis due to vitamin D intoxication has been reported for different companion, farm and zoo animals, respectively [2–7]. Especially young animals as well as children seem to be very susceptible to developing calcinosis when vitamin D is overdosed [4, 5, 8, 9]. In ruminating animals, calcinosis can also be promoted by calcinogenic plants like trisetum flavescens which is indigenous in Germany [10, 11]. Different calcinogenic plants from * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
other parts of the world like Nierembergia veitchii, Nierembergia rivularis, Cestrum diurnum, Solanum malacoxylon, Solanum torvum, Solanum esuriale or Solanum vebascifolium have also been reported to induce calcinosis in ruminants so far [12, 13]. The diagnosis “calcinosis” is often only made postmortem on the basis of macroscopically or histologically visible calcifications in various tissues. This case report deals with a case of severe calcinosis in a roe deer fawn with calcifications in several organs and is to our knowledge, the first reported case of such findings in a roe deer fawn. In contrast to other reports on wild animals, where often only a postmortem diagnosis is possible, this repor
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