Can Attitudes Toward Immigrant Explain Social Integration in Europe? EU versus Non-EU Migrant
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Can Attitudes Toward Immigrant Explain Social Integration in Europe? EU versus Non‑EU Migrant Amjad Naveed1 · Cong Wang2 Accepted: 6 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study examines the relationship between attitudes toward migrants and social integration. Specifically, we consider two types of migration flow: migration flow from EU countries and migration flow from non-EU countries. The aims of this paper are twofold: (1) we want to understand whether an inclusive attitude towards migrants can contribute to their efforts to integrate with the receiving society (2) we want to understand whether the potential impact is the same across different migrant groups (EU vs. non-EU). Using data from 33 mainly European countries over the period 2003–2016 and controlling for common integration determinants such as inflation, foreign direct investment and educational attainment, our results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between inclusive and good attitude toward migrants and social integration. We also in the robustness sections, identify that the size of this impact differs across different subcomponents of attitudes and integration, these results are robust to alternative estimation techniques that take cares of endogeneity (System GMM, 2SLS, and Lewbel 2SLS). Keywords Migration flow · Social integration · Attitude towards migrants · European Union JEL Classification C31 · D24 · O49
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1120 5-020-02492-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. All authors have contributed equally to this work, the ordering of author names is alphabetical. * Amjad Naveed [email protected]; [email protected] * Cong Wang [email protected] 1
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Aarhus University, Herning, Denmark Department of Economics, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, Australia
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A. Naveed, C. Wang
1 Introduction The rising trend of immigrant induced multiculturalism in the European Union (EU) as documented by many recent studies (Feld 2005; Sobotka 2008; De la Rica et al. 2015; Hatton 2016; Esmaeilzadeh et al. 2018). The migrants from different origins bring socioeconomic opportunities and challenges to the host countries, which have both short and long-term implications for the receiving countries. The migrants with a diverse cultural and ethnic background can be a unique contribution to society if it is able to reap and recognize the role of these different groups (De Lima et al. 2016). However, the situation becomes worse if majority group become more favorite to natives than the smaller one who faces challenges (Herm 2008). This generally happens when local community perceive a threat from immigrants due to differences in values and interests (Berry 1990; Huo et al. 1996; Dijkstra et al. 2001). Hence, culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds provide a range of challenges and opportunities for local authorities and policymakers as a
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