Can mycoplasma contribute to formation of prostate cancer?
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UROLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Can mycoplasma contribute to formation of prostate cancer? Sakip M. Erturhan • Omer Bayrak • Sacide Pehlivan • Hanifi Ozgul • Ilker Seckiner Tugce Sever • Metin Karako¨k
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Received: 16 June 2012 / Accepted: 13 September 2012 / Published online: 23 September 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
Abstract Purpose To reveal the possible role of mycoplasmas in the etiopathogenesis of prostate cancer. Methods In the study, prostate biopsy was performed on 62 patients with an abnormal digital rectal examination and/or elevated PSA. The patients’ age was between 62 and 77 (mean 65.4 years) years. Thirtyone patients had adenocarcinoma of the prostate histopathologically (group 1). From these patients, the specimens were divided into two subgroups as specimens with malignant findings (group 1A) and specimens with benign findings (group 1B). The control group consisted of 31 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (group 2). In the specimens, the presence of mycoplasma DNA was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction method. Results The mycoplasma DNA was found to be positive in 11 (35.4 %) patients in group 1A and in 4 (12.9 %) patients in group 1B. There was no mycoplasma DNA in the patients in group 2. The S. M. Erturhan O. Bayrak (&) H. Ozgul I. Seckiner Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] S. Pehlivan T. Sever Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey M. Karako¨k Department of Pathology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
differences between group 1A and group 1B, and between group 1A and group 2 were statistically significant (p values, respectively, 0.006 and 0.0001). Conclusions Our data supported the thesis that mycoplasma infections play a role in the etiopathogenesis of the prostate cancer. Keywords Mycoplasma DNA Prostate biopsy Prostate cancer Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant neoplasm in Europe and the second most frequent cause of deaths due to cancer in men. The incidence is about 214 cases per 1,000 men [1, 2]. Today, there are three well-established risk factors for PCa: advanced age, heredity and ethnic origin. In addition, fatty diet, excessive alcohol intake, inadequate fruit and grain consumption and exogenous factors such as exposure to ultraviolet light are shown to play a role in the etiology of PCa. However, the etiology of PCa is still not known [1–3]. According to the American Cancer Society, about 20 % of all cancers in the world derive from infectious causes [4]. Infectious agents affect the tumor suppressor genes or oncogenesis by causing deregulations or leading to chronic infections [5]. In this context, given
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the anatomical localization of the prostate, it can be a target for infectious causes due to urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases, which suggests infectious causes in terms of the etiology of PCa.
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