Cardiovascular Imaging Arterial and Aortic Valve Inflammation and Ca
This book provides comprehensive reviews on our most recent understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) as visualized in animal models and patients using optical molecular imag
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Elena Aikawa Editor
Cardiovascular Imaging
Elena Aikawa Editor
Cardiovascular Imaging Arterial and Aortic Valve Inflammation and Calcification
Editor Elena Aikawa, MD, PhD, FAHA Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA
ISBN 978-3-319-09267-6 ISBN 978-3-319-09268-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-09268-3 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
(eBook)
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Foreword
Since Roentgen’s day imaging has contributed to the diagnosis and understanding of cardiovascular diseases. In the first half of the twentieth century, radiographic plain films and fluoroscopy provided essential tools to the clinical cardiovascular specialist. In the latter half of the twentieth century the advent of image intensification, contrast angiography, and the introduction of cross-sectional imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance augmented the armamentarium of radiographic imaging tools modalities applied to cardiovascular disease. Simultaneously, the development of echocardiography beginning with M-mode, and evolving to two-dimensional and ultimately three-dimens
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