CDM Forests in Bangladesh and Learning from the Reforestation Success of the Republic of Korea
The CDM is an important economic tool to mitigate global climate change and support sustainable development in the non-Annex I countries. Bangladesh, a non-Annex I country, can be a potential host country of the forests-CDM projects, because of the potent
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CDM Forests in Bangladesh and Learning from the Reforestation Success of the Republic of Korea
Abstract The CDM is an important economic tool to mitigate global climate change and support sustainable development in the non-Annex I countries. Bangladesh, a non-Annex I country, can be a potential host country of the forestsCDM projects, because of the potentialities of the carbon sequestration in the forests. This chapter finds that afforestation and reforestation (A/R) may be one of the greatest choices in conserving the existing carbon sink because it offers the opportunities of carbon credits that are subject to the end use of the forest products. The chapter focuses the legal frameworks of the A/R CDM activities and critical issues which should be resolved by the policy interventions in Bangladesh. The study also figures out the reforestation success of the Republic of Korea and suggests to Bangladesh what can be learnt from the Republic of Korea. The outcome of this study will be of great importance to the policy makers in the field of forest restoration in Bangladesh and global warming mitigation.
3.1 Introduction Global climate change is one of the critical issues in the world (Houghton 2005). Forest ecosystems, which play important roles in climate change, can assimilate CO2 via photosynthesis and also store carbon in their biomass and in soil (IPCC 2000). Tropical forests which make up 80% of the total forests on the Earth are considered to have the biggest long-term potential to sequester atmospheric carbon by protecting forested lands, slowing down deforestation rate, and encouraging A/R (Brown et al. 1996). It is estimated that around 1.8 GtC yr–1 moves from the world’s forests to the atmosphere due to deforestation, harvesting, and forest degradation, and 20% of that carbon source is from tropical deforestation (IPCC 2000). Forestry and land-use change activities contribute to reducing GHG emissions by A/R, avoiding deforestation, and improving forest management (Pearson et al. 2005). Under the agreement made at the COP9, industrialized (Annex I) countries can partially meet their emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol by financing A/R in developing countries through the CDM (UNFCCC 2006b).
23 Md.D. Miah et al., Forests to Climate Change Mitigation, Environmental Science C Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 and Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-13253-7_3,
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Learning from the Reforestation Success of the Republic of Korea
Bangladesh is assumed to play an important role in mitigating global warming with a huge pool of existing plantations and natural forests. In addition, Bangladesh has wide areas of degraded forestlands and other wastelands, which can be reforested. However, the severe poverty and the lack of appropriate technology in Bangladesh show the ‘additionality’ for A/R activities in the CDM. Therefore, Bangladesh can effectively participate in carbon trading. However, it is necessary to develop national policies in mitigating global warming to bring about large-
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