Central sensitization in migraine is related to restless legs syndrome
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ORIGINAL COMMUNICATION
Central sensitization in migraine is related to restless legs syndrome Keisuke Suzuki1 · Shiho Suzuki1 · Yasuo Haruyama2 · Madoka Okamura1 · Tomohiko Shiina1 · Hiroaki Fujita1 · Gen Kobashi2 · Toshimi Sairenchi2 · Koji Uchiyama3 · Koichi Hirata1 Received: 1 September 2020 / Revised: 22 October 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objective We hypothesized that, in migraine patients, central sensitization (CS) could be associated with comorbid restless legs syndrome (RLS). Methods We conducted a case–control study including 186 migraine patients and 186 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Symptoms related to CS syndrome were assessed by the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). Individuals with CSI Part A (CSI-A) scores ≥ 40 were defined as having CS. For patients with migraine, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 were administered. In the patient group, RLS and migraine were diagnosed through faceto-face interviews. Results Among migraine patients, 26 (14.0%) suffered from chronic migraine. The mean disease duration was 23.7 ± 11.8 years. Migraine patients showed a higher rate of CS (21.0% vs. 8.6%) than healthy controls, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 3.039 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.560–5.992; p = 0.001). Migraine patients in the CS group had higher rates of smoking, chronic migraine and RLS and higher BPI and PHQ-9 scores than migraine patients in the nonCS group. The use of acute and preventive treatment for migraine did not significantly differ between the CS and non-CS groups. Multivariable analysis identified the presence of RLS (AOR, 28.471; 95% CI 6.438–125.918; p
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