Changes in lipid composition associated with electronic cigarette use
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Journal of Translational Medicine Open Access
RESEARCH
Changes in lipid composition associated with electronic cigarette use Holly R. Middlekauff1,2†, Kevin J. William1,3, Baolong Su1,3, Kacey Haptonstall1, Jesus A. Araujo1,2,4, Xiaohui Wu1,4, Jason Kim1,4 and Tamer Sallam1,2,4*†
Abstract Background: Electronic cigarette use is on the rise despite a number of reports linking electronic cigarettes with adverse health outcomes. Recent studies have suggested that alterations in lipid signaling may be one mechanism by which electronic cigarettes contribute to lung pulmonary function. Vitamin E acetate, for example, is synthetic form of Vitamin E transported via lipids, found to be associated with electronic cigarette associated lung injury. Lipids are absolutely critical for normal lung physiology and perturbations in a number of lipid pathways have been associated with respiratory illness. Is it conceivable that electronic cigarette use even in seemingly healthy cohorts are associated with alterations in lipid pathways? Methods: To investigate quantitative alterations in the plasma lipidome associated with electronic cigarette use in healthy we obtained plasma samples from 119 male and female participants with who were either: (1) chronic tobacco cigarette (TC) smokers (> 12 months of self-reported TC use), (2) chronic Electronic cigarette (EC) users (> 12 months of self-reported EC use), or (3) non-users. We measured quantitative lipid species across different lipid sub-classes from plasma samples using the Sciex Lipidyzer. Results: We found that male and female tobacco and electronic cigarette users had distinct lipidome signatures across a number of lipid species although the vast majority of lipids were unchanged when compared to non-users. Intriguingly, we found that female but not male electronic cigarette users had lower levels of plasmalogens, critical glycerophospholipids secreted by alveoli and required for normal surfactant function. Conclusions: In summary, our study does not reveal striking changes associated with electronic cigarette use but we observed sex-specific changes in lipids known to be critical for lung function. Keywords: Lipids, Tobacco, Electronic cigarettes Background Electronic cigarettes (ECIGS) were originally introduced in 2004 as a safe alternative to tobacco cigarettes (TCIGS). In less than a decade from their introduction, ECIG use has increased by 5000% and recent estimates project that ECIG use will surpass TCIG use in two *Correspondence: [email protected] † Holly R. Middlekauff and Tamer Sallam contributed equally to this work 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
decades [1–3]. More recently, a rapidly growing number of reports have linked ECIG use with a number of adverse health events including acute or subacute lung disease [4–6]. The pattern of injury appears to be distinct from adverse effects of TCIGs on lung disease lending weigh
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