Changes in oxidation-antioxidation function on the thymus of chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Changes in oxidation-antioxidation function on the thymus of chickens infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus Dahan Yang1,2, Chenhui Zhao1,2, Meixi Zhang1,3, Shujun Zhang1,2, Jie Zhai1,2, XueLi Gao1,2, Chaonan Liu1,2, Xiaoping Lv1,2 and Shimin Zheng1,2*
Abstract Background: Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is a retrovirus that causes severe immunosuppression in poultry. Animals grow slowly under conditions of oxidative stress. In addition, long-term oxidative stress can impair immune function, as well as accelerate aging and death. This study aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of REV from the perspective of changes in oxidative-antioxidative function following REV infection. Methods: A total of 80 one-day-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were randomly divided into a control group (Group C) and an REV-infected group (Group I). The chickens in Group I received intraperitoneal injections of REV with 104.62/0.1 mL TCID50. Thymus was collected on day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 49 for histopathology and assessed the status of oxidative stress. Results: In chickens infected with REV, the levels of H2O2 and MDA in the thymus increased, the levels of TAC, SOD, CAT, and GPx1 decreased, and there was a reduction in CAT and Gpx1 mRNA expression compared with the control group. The thymus index was also significantly reduced. Morphological analysis showed that REV infection caused an increase in the thymic reticular endothelial cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, mitochondrial swelling, and nuclear damage. Conclusions: These results indicate that an increase in oxidative stress enhanced lipid peroxidation, markedly decreased antioxidant function, caused thymus atrophy, and immunosuppression in REV-infected chickens. Keywords: Reticuloendotheliosis virus, Thymus, Oxidation antioxidant imbalance, Histopathological and ultrastructural changes, Immunosuppression
Background Reticuloendotheliosis (RE) constitutes a group of pathological syndromes caused by reticuloendotheliosis hyperplasia virus, including runting syndrome, chronic tumors of lymphoid and other tissues, acute reticulocytoma, and severe immunosuppression. Reticuloendotheliosis virus * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, People’s Republic of China 2 Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine Harbin, 150030 Harbin, People’s Republic of China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
(REV) is a C-type avian retrovirus [1, 2]. The REV group includes defective REV-T, non-defective REV-A, chick syncytial virus, duck infectious anemia virus, and spleen necrosis virus (SNV) [3]. In addition, REV infects a wide-range of hosts, including chickens, turkey, duck, goose, Japanese quail, and wild birds, among which turkey is the most susceptible. Thus, turkeys and chickens are commonly used as experimental animals [4–7]. REV can be mixed with Marek’s disease virus (MDV), avian leukosis
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