Changes in Total Cholesterol and Heart Rate in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats under Combined Influence of Cold Expos
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738 Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 169, No. 6, October, 2020 GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY
Changes in Total Cholesterol and Heart Rate in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats under Combined Influence of Cold Exposure and Hypokinesia D. N. Shmakov, V. P. Nuzhny, N. A. Kibler, and S. N. Kharin
Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 169, No. 6, pp. 677-681, June, 2020 Original article submitted April 4, 2020 We studied the effect of hypokinesia alone and in combination with cold exposure on HR and total cholesterol content in the blood serum of Wistar, WKY, and SHR rats. Irrespectively of the season, hypokinesia was associated with a decrease in HR, which is probably a result of reduced body needs due to deceleration of metabolic processes. A significant increase in total cholesterol was found under conditions of cold exposure combined with hypokinesia, which indicates qualitative structural rearrangement of energy metabolism under the influence of environmental factors. In winter, the increase in total cholesterol concentration was more pronounced (by 51.5%) in the group of hypertensive animals. Presumably, the increase in the serum concentration of total cholesterol under conditions of hypokinesia and cold exposure is a predictor of structural changes in the heart. Key Words: hypokinesia; cold; cholesterol; heart rate; rats Age-related changes in the cardiovascular system in residents of northern regions develop in earlier age than in people living in regions with moderate climate. This reflects reduced reserves of the cardiovascular system for adaptation to extreme conditions, especially to low temperatures. It was found that cold exposure considerably affects mortality rates from cardiovascular system diseases in the Russian Federation [9]. Along with cold exposure, adverse effect on the cardiovascular system is produced by sedentary lifestyle leading to excessive body weight gain (primarily in winter) and elevation of blood cholesterol (CH) [7]. Biochemical mechanisms of adaptation are important for improving organism resistance to unfavorable conditions [1]. Lipid metabolism, an integral indicator of metabolism in the body, depends on physical acti vity, gender, age, nutrition, while hypercholesterolemia is considered as the main factor in atherogenic vascular remodeling [6]. A direct relationship has been established between blood CH and cardiovascular dis-
eases [13]. It was found that hypokinesia is associated with an increase in free CH content in the blood, that is proportional to CH deposition in the vascular walls. Recent studies have demonstrated that dyslipidemia not only provokes the development of coronary atherosclerosis, but also initiates a cascade of molecular and cellular transformations and induces reorganization of the intercellular matrix leading to remodeling of organs and tissues [3,5,14]. In connection with the increased risk of cardiovascular pathologies at earlier age in residents of the northern regions related to li
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