Variations in pulp volume between normotensive and hypertensive individuals on CBCT imaging
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Variations in pulp volume between normotensive and hypertensive individuals on CBCT imaging Amanda Farias Gomes 1 & Saulo L. Sousa Melo 2 & Yuri Nejaim 3 & Francisco Carlos Groppo 4 & Fabrício B. Teixeira 5 & Deborah Queiroz Freitas 1 Received: 13 November 2019 / Accepted: 8 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives To compare the pulp volume of individuals with altered and normal systemic blood pressure (BP) in order to verify if high BP promotes dimensional modifications in the pulp space. Materials and methods Cone beam computed tomography scans of 91 patients (49 females and 42 males, mean age 31.7 ± 6.38 years) who had a healthy maxillary canine were selected. Values of arterial BP measured at two dental visits were used to classify the sample as normal BP (< 130 × 80 mmHg) and altered BP (≥ 130 × 80 mmHg); 49 patients had normal BP and 42 had altered BP. One oral radiologist evaluated each patient’s pulp and tooth volumes, using semi-automatic segmentation, and the tooth length. Data were submitted to Student’s t test and logistic regression, with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results Pulp volume (p = 0.0027), pulp volume/tooth volume (p = 0.0013), and pulp volume/tooth length (p = 0.0007) ratios were greater in the altered BP group. Conversely, there was no difference in tooth volume between the groups (p = 0.0697). A logistic regression model (p = 0.0002) using pulp volume and age enabled the development of a formula for predicting altered BP, with 68% accuracy. Conclusions Individuals with altered systemic BP have greater pulp volumes than those with normal BP. The formula developed in this study may indicate the presence of altered BP. Clinical relevance As arterial hypertension is a silent disease that produces no warning signs or symptoms, identification of modifications in the pulp volume in cone beam computed tomography scans may be an adjuvant sign of the diagnosis of this disease. Keywords Arterial pressure . Dental pulp . Microcirculation . Cone beam computed tomography
Introduction Arterial hypertension is a chronic disease that affects about 1 billion people worldwide, of which 20% are young adults * Amanda Farias Gomes [email protected] 1
Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
2
Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
3
Oral Radiology Area, Dental School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
4
Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
5
Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
(aged 18 to 39 years) [1, 2]. It is the number one attributable risk factor for death throughout the world as it is associated with serious complications such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease, an
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