Changing Governance and Management in Higher Education The Perspecti

External drivers are pressing for a more privatized approach to higher education and research, a greater reliance on technology and the more efficient use of resources. But many academics perceive these changes to be imposed from above with little consult

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The Changing Academy – The Changing Academic Profession in International Comparative Perspective 2 Series Editors William K. Cummings, The George Washington University, Washington, USA Akira Arimoto, Kurashiki Sakuyo University, Kurashiki City, Okayama, Japan

Editorial Board Jürgen Enders, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands Amy Metcalfe, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Christine Musselin, CSO Research Interests Higher Education and Research, Paris, France Rui Santiago, University of Aveiro, Portugal Simon Schwartzman, Institute for Studies and Labour and Society, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Ulrich Teichler, University of Kassel, Germany Charles Wohluter, Northwest University, South Africa

Scope of the series As the landscape of higher education has in recent years undergone significant changes, so correspondingly have the backgrounds, specializations, expectations and work roles of academic staff. The Academy is expected to be more professional in teaching, more productive in research and more entrepreneurial in everything. Some of the changes involved have raised questions about the attractiveness of an academic career for today’s graduates. At the same time, knowledge has come to be identified as the most vital resource of contemporary societies. The Changing Academy series examines the nature and extent of the changes experienced by the academic profession in recent years. It explores both the reasons for and the consequences of these changes. It considers the implications of the changes for the attractiveness of the academic profession as a career and for the ability of the academic community to contribute to the further development of knowledge societies and the attainment of national goals. It makes comparisons on these matters between different national higher education systems, institutional types, disciplines and generations of academics, drawing initially on available data-sets and qualitative research studies with special emphasis on the recent twenty nation survey of the Changing Academic Profession. Among the themes featured will be: 1. Relevance of the Academy’s Work 2. Internationalization of the Academy 3. Current Governance and Management, particularly as perceived by the Academy 4. Commitment of the Academy The audience includes researchers in higher education, sociology of education and political science studies; university managers and administrators; national and institutional policymakers; officials and staff at governments and organizations, e.g. the World Bank.

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8668

7ILLIAM,OCKE s 7ILLIAM+#UMMINGS Donald Fisher Editors

Changing Governance and Management in Higher Education The Perspectives of the Academy

Editors William Locke Centre for Higher Education Research and Information (CHERI) The Open University Milton Keynes United Kingdom [email protected]

William K. Cummings The George Washington University GSEHD 303 Graduate School of Education and HR G Street 2134 20052 Washington USA [email protected]