Characteristics of influenza H13N8 subtype virus firstly isolated from Qinghai Lake Region, China
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RESEARCH
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Characteristics of influenza H13N8 subtype virus firstly isolated from Qinghai Lake Region, China Jie Dong, Hong Bo, Ye Zhang, Libo Dong, Shumei Zou, Weijuan Huang, Jia Liu, Dayan Wang* and Yuelong Shu*
Abstract Background: Since the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza caused thousands of deaths of wild bird in this area in 2005, Qinghai Lake in China has become a hot spot for study of the influence of avian influenza to migratory wild birds. However, the ecology and evolution of low pathogenic avian influenza virus in this region are limited. This project-based avian influenza surveillance in Qinghai lake region was initiated in year 2012. Method: Samples of wild bird feces and lake surface water were collected in Qinghai Lake in year 2012.Virus isolation was conducted on embryonated chicken eggs. The influenza A virus was determined by rRT-PCR. Virus sequences were acquired by deep sequencing. The phylogenetic correlation and molecular characteristics of the viruses were analyzed. The virus growth and infection features, receptor binding preference were studied, and pathogenicity in vitro as well as. Results: Two H13N8 subtype influenza viruses were isolated. The viruses are phylogenetically belong to Eurasian lineage. Most of the genes are associated with gull origin influenza virus except PB1 gene, which is most probably derived from Anseriformes virus. The evidence of interspecies reassortment was presented. The two viruses have limited growth capacity on MDCK and A549 cells while grow well in embryonated eggs. The dual receptor binding features of the two viruses was shown up. The low pathogenic features were determined by trypsin dependence plaque formation assay. Conclusions: The two H13N8 subtype influenza viruses are highly associated with gull origin. The interspecies reassortment of H13 subtype virus among Anseriforme sand Charadriiformes wild birds emphasizes the importance of strengthening avian influenza surveillance in this region. This study is helpful to understand the ecology, evolution and transmission pattern of H13 subtype influenza virus globally. Keywords: Avian influenza virus, H13N8 subtype, Qinghai Lake, Reassortant
Background Wild water birds usually can be classified as Anseriformes and Charadriiformes, which are represented by duck and gull respectively. They are the natural reservoirs for all avian influenza subtypes. Influenza A virus H13 subtype seems to be highly gull associated [1] and it is rare to isolate H13 viruses from Anseriformes, such as duck and * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
goose. Since its isolation firstly reported in 1977 [2], the H13 subtype influenza has been divided into Eurasian and North American lineages according to the evolutional relationship [3]. The interc
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