Characteristics of Korean patients with methamphetamine use disorder based on the quantitative analysis of methamphetami
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Online ISSN 1976-3786 Print ISSN 0253-6269
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Characteristics of Korean patients with methamphetamine use disorder based on the quantitative analysis of methamphetamine and amphetamine in hair Min Jae Seo1 · Sang‑Hoon Song1 · Suji Kim1 · Won‑Jun Jang1 · Chul‑Ho Jeong1 · Sooyeun Lee1
Received: 28 June 2020 / Accepted: 26 July 2020 © The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2020
Abstract Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant. MA use disorder is characterized by a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is enhanced by a dynamic process of repeated use and withdrawal. The analysis of MA and its metabolite, amphetamine (AM), in hair is routinely performed in forensic laboratories for illegal MA use determination. However, few studies regarding the clinical application of hair analysis have been conducted to monitor the treatment of MA use disorder. Herein, the characteristics of Korean patients with MA use disorder were investigated based on drug abuse screening instruments and quantitative analysis of MA and AM in hair. A HPLC–MS/ MS method for the quantification of MA and AM in hair was validated and clinically applied to healthy subjects (HS, n = 30, male) as well as current (CP, n = 33, male) and former (FP, n = 22, male) MA use disorder patients. The validation results of the hair analysis method showed high selectivity, accuracy, and precision with acceptable linearity within the calibration range (0.05–5.0 ng/mg). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification for both MA and AM were 0.05 ng/mg. The concentrations of MA and AM ranged from ≤ LOD to 166 ng/mg and from not detected (ND) to 9.15 ng/mg in the CP group and from ND to 6.14 ng/mg and from ND to 0.32 ng/mg in the FP group, respectively. No correlation was observed between the hair MA concentrations and the NIDA-modified ASSIST, DUDID extended, or * Chul‑Ho Jeong [email protected] * Sooyeun Lee [email protected] 1
College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo‑gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
DAST scores in both groups. The hair MA concentrations showed advantages for differentiating the CP and FP groups compared with the scores provided by the above-mentioned drug abuse screening instruments. Keywords Methamphetamine · Hair · HPLC–MS/MS · Drug use disorder
Introduction According to the 2019 World Drug Report published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, drug users comprise approximately 5.5% of the adult population worldwide (aged 15–64), of which people with drug use disorder account for approximately 13% as of 2017 (global overview of drug demand and supply). The clinical diagnosis of this disease is mainly based on self-reported drug-seeking behavioral and psychological conditions using drug abuse screening instruments, including the National Institution of Drug Abuse alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (NIDA-ASSIST), drug use disorder identification test (DUDIT), and drug abuse screening test (DAST). However, characterizati
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