Characterization of Greenbug Feeding Behavior and Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Host Preference in Relation to Resistant
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Characterization of Greenbug Feeding Behavior and Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Host Preference in Relation to Resistant and Susceptible Tetraploid Switchgrass Populations Kyle G. Koch & Nathan Palmer & Mitch Stamm & Jeff D. Bradshaw & Erin Blankenship & Lisa M. Baird & Gautam Sarath & Tiffany M. Heng-Moss
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract Two choice studies were performed to evaluate greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and yellow sugarcane aphid, Sipha flava (Forbes), preference for two tetraploid switchgrass populations, Summer and Kanlow, and one experimental hybrid, K×S, derived by crossing Kanlow (male)×Summer (female) plants. Additionally, an assessment of S. graminum feeding behavior was performed on the same switchgrass populations, by using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. Choice studies for S. flava indicated a lack of antixenosis, with no preference by aphids among any of the switchgrass populations at any time point. However, choice studies with S. graminum indicated a preference for the K×S plants at 24 h after aphid introduction. No obvious differences were observed for the leaf surfaces between the three populations. Feeding behavior studies for S. graminum
on switchgrasses indicated no differences for the time to first probe or time to first sieve element phase among switchgrass populations. However, duration of sieve element phases for S. graminum was significantly less on Kanlow compared to K×S and Summer. S. graminum also had a significantly lower potential phloem ingestion index (PPII) and few aphids showing sustained phloem ingestion on Kanlow as compared to K×S and Summer plants. These results suggest that resistance factors (chemical or mechanical) in Kanlow are located in the phloem tissue. At the whole leaf level, some differences were observed for a subset of polar metabolites, although Kanlow plants were significantly enriched for oxalic acid. Keywords Choice studies . EPG . Feeding behavior . Greenbug . Plant resistance . Tetraploid switchgrass . Yellow sugarcane aphid
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12155-014-9510-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. K. G. Koch : M. Stamm : T. M. Heng-Moss (*) Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, 201B Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0816, USA e-mail: [email protected] N. Palmer : G. Sarath Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA J. D. Bradshaw Department of Entomology, Panhandle Research & Extension Center, University of Nebraska, Scottsbluff, NE 69361, USA E. Blankenship Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA L. M. Baird Department of Biology, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
Introduction Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., is a widely distributed, polyploid warm-season perennial grass with excellent potential as a biomass crop [8]. However, long-term sustainability of switchgrass as a bioenergy feedstock will requi
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