Characterizing Dynamics of Additively Manufactured Parts
Additive manufacturing (AM) presents engineers and manufacturers with unprecedented design freedom compared to conventional manufacturing techniques. This freedom comes with its own challenges. The wide variety of AM techniques, machines, and design geome
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Characterizing Dynamics of Additively Manufactured Parts Gary Adkins, Clayton Little, Peter Meyerhofer, Garrison Flynn, and Kyle Hammond
Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) presents engineers and manufacturers with unprecedented design freedom compared to conventional manufacturing techniques. This freedom comes with its own challenges. The wide variety of AM techniques, machines, and design geometries introduces difficulties in building consistent parts with known material properties. Of particular interest is the anisotropic nature introduced in the AM process. While AM is being adopted for applications in a variety of industries, the uncertainties introduced in manufacturing are slowing its implementation for critical parts such as structural members and jointed elements. As part of the ongoing effort to alleviate these issues, this paper aims to quantify the dynamic response of AM parts built using a variety of build orientations and internal structures. Multiple parts with theoretically identical external geometries are excited by a shake table while high-speed data are collected using digital image correlation (DIC). A finite element model is developed and calibrated using the DIC data to characterize the material property changes due to selection of build orientation and internal structures. Keywords Digital image correlation · Finite element model · Fused deposition modeling · Lattice structure · Modal analysis
17.1 Introduction Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly called 3D printing, has the potential to revolutionize manufacturing, both in terms of design and production. AM is the process of building objects layer by layer, whereas conventional methods involve removing material from a larger bulk piece, or casting an object in a mold. This additive technique greatly expands the design geometries feasible by allowing internal structures that were once prohibitively difficult or expensive to produce. AM emerged in the 1980s and at first developed slowly for several reasons including high cost of equipment, the need for specialized personnel training, and, most critically, the lack of industry standards for process parameters and performance measures. Time has alleviated the first two difficulties, as equipment costs have fallen dramatically with the expiration of fundamental patents and further improvements in technology, while the growth of the maker community, coupled with interest at many universities, has built a community of people experienced in the use of AM [1]. However, defining the performance of AM parts and creating a comprehensive set of manufacturing standards is a more complicated problem. Iterations of the same AM part may look nearly identical on the outside, yet have highly variable and uncertain mechanical properties.
G. Adkins Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA C. Little Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA P. Meyerhofer Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Rese
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