Chronic Iron Overload Restrains the Benefits of Aerobic Exercise to the Vasculature
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Chronic Iron Overload Restrains the Benefits of Aerobic Exercise to the Vasculature Emilly Martinelli Rossi 1 Leonardo dos Santos 1
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Renata Andrade Ávila 1,2
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Maria Tereza W. D. Carneiro 3
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Camila C. P. Almenara 1
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Received: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 11 February 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Physical exercise is a well-recognized effective non-pharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases. However, because iron is essential element in many physiological processes including hemoglobin and myoglobin synthesis, thereby playing a role on oxygen transport, many athletes use iron supplement to improve physical performance. Regarding this, iron overload is associated with oxidative stress and damage to various systems, including cardiovascular. Thus, we aimed to identify the vascular effects of aerobic exercise in a rat model of iron overload. Male Wistar rats were treated with 100 mg/kg/day iron-dextran, i.p., 5 days a week for 4 weeks, and then underwent aerobic exercise protocol on a treadmill at moderate intensity, 60 min/day, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Exercise reduced vasoconstrictor response of isolated aortic rings by increasing participation of nitric oxide (NO) and reducing oxidative stress, but these benefits to the vasculature were not observed in rats previously subjected to iron overload. The reduced vasoconstriction in the exercised group was reversed by incubation with superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor, suggesting that increased SOD activity by exercise was lost in iron overload rats. Iron overload groups increased serum levels of iron, transferrin saturation, and iron deposition in the liver, gastrocnemius muscle, and aorta, and the catalase was overexpressed in the aorta probably as a compensatory mechanism to the increased oxidative stress. In conclusion, despite the known beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on vasculature, our results indicate that previous iron overload impeded the anticontractile effect mediated by increased NO bioavailability and endogenous antioxidant response due to exercise protocol. Keywords Iron overload . Nitric oxide . Endothelial function . Aerobic exercise . Treadmill running . Oxidative stress
Introduction * Leonardo dos Santos [email protected] Emilly Martinelli Rossi [email protected] Renata Andrade Ávila [email protected] Maria Tereza W. D. Carneiro [email protected] Camila C. P. Almenara [email protected] 1
Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, ES 29040-091, Brazil
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Faculdades Integradas São Pedro (FAESA), Av. Vitória, 2220, Vitoria, ES 29053-360, Brazil
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Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitoria, ES 29075-910, Brazil
Cardiovascular diseases remain among the leading causes of death worldwide [1]. In addition, they are related to limitations on quality of life in physical and psychosocial domains, with high number of hospitalizat
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