Cinnamon Attenuated Long-Term IGT-Induced Retinal Abnormalities via Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis in Neonatal Strept
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Cinnamon Attenuated Long-Term IGT-Induced Retinal Abnormalities via Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis in Neonatal Streptozotocin Induced Rat Model Sivakesava Rao Kommula1 • Sai Santhosh Vadakattu1 • Srinivas Myadara2 Uday Kumar Putcha2 • Raghava Rao Tamanam3 • Suryanarayana Palla1
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Received: 26 September 2018 / Accepted: 2 July 2019 Ó Association of Clinical Biochemists of India 2019
Abstract Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major causes of blindness all over the world. According to the previous studies, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) has been linked to retinal dysfunction/vascular damage. Decreased retinal function is an initial event of early DR. Although the biochemical and molecular events are not fully understood, glial activation, angiogenesis and oxidative stress are some of the pathways associated with early retinal abnormalities. Since IGT is associated with development of retinal dysfunction/vascular damage; as a preventive strategy, we have studied beneficial effect of Cinnamon as a hypoglycaemic agent on long-term IGT induced retinal abnormalities using neonatal streptozotocin (nSTZ) rat model. Control, IGT rats were maintained on AIN-93M diet alone and another set of IGT rats were maintained on AIN-93M diet with 3% Cinnamon for 8 months. At the end of the study, untreated IGT rats developed retinal functional abnormalities as assessed by electroretinogram (ERG) and the retinal structure did not alter as assessed by H&E staining. Further, increase in expressions of GFAP, VEGF and decreased expression of rhodopsin in untreated IGT rat retinas. 4-HNE, a marker of oxidative stress was also elevated in IGT state. Supplementation of Cinnamon to IGT rats had lowered fasting and postprandial glucose levels and also prevented retinal & Suryanarayana Palla [email protected] 1
Lipid Chemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
2
Pathology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
3
Biochemistry Division, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
functional abnormalities. Further, Cinnamon protected photoreceptor cell damage, suppressed glial activation, angiogenesis and oxidative stress as there was an improved rhodopsin expression, inhibited elevated expressions of GFAP, VEGF and 4-HNE respectively. In conclusion, Cinnamon attenuated IGT induced retinal abnormalities probably through its hypoglycemic property. Keywords Cinnamon Impaired glucose tolerance Retinal abnormalities Neonatal streptozotocin
Introduction Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes and the principal cause of extreme vision impairment in working-age adults [1]. Although duration of diabetes and severity of hyperglycemia are majorly known to contribute for onset of DR [2], some of the evidences have shown that even impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or modest elevations in plasma glucose (impaired fasting glucose or IFG) level have been linked to retinal dysfunction/vascular damage
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