Transcriptional regulation of Treg homeostasis and functional specification
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Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
REVIEW
Transcriptional regulation of Treg homeostasis and functional specification Ke Wang1 · Wenxian Fu1,2 Received: 28 January 2020 / Revised: 19 April 2020 / Accepted: 20 April 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are key players in keeping excessive inflammation in check. Mounting evidence has shown that Treg cells exert much more diverse functions in both immunological and non-immunological processes. The development, maintenance and functional specification of Treg cells are regulated by multilayered factors, including antigens and TCR signaling, cytokines, epigenetic modifiers and transcription factors (TFs). In the review, we will focus on TFs by summarizing their unique and redundant roles in Treg cells under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We will also discuss the recent advances of Treg trajectories between lymphoid organs and non-lymphoid tissues. This review will provide an updated view of the newly identified TFs and new functions of known TFs in Treg biology. Keywords Treg · Homeostasis · TCF1 · LEF1 · Precursor · Cofactor Abbreviations AhR Aryl hydrocarbon receptor Akt AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 AP1 Activator protein 1 ATF Activating transcription factor Bach2 BTB domain and CNC homolog 2 BATF Basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor Bcl10 B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 Bcl11b B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11b Bcl6 B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 6 Blimp1 B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 CARD11 Caspase recruitment domain family member 11 Cbfβ Core-binding factor subunit beta c-Maf V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog CREB CAMP responsive element binding protein 1 c-Rel REL proto-oncogene, NF-κB subunit CTLA4 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 * Wenxian Fu [email protected] 1
Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
2
DOCK8 Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 E47 Transcription factor 3 Eos IKAROS family zinc finger 4 EZH2 Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 Foxo1 Forkhead box O1 Foxo3 Forkhead box O3 Foxp1 Forkhead box P1 Foxp3 Forkhead box P3 GATA1 GATA binding protein 1 GATA3 GATA binding protein 3 Helios IKAROS family zinc finger 2 HIF1α Hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Id3 Inhibitor of DNA binding 3, HLH protein IKKβ Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta IRF4 Interferon regulatory factor 4 IκB Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B JunB JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Klrg1 Killer cell lectin like receptor G1 LEF1 Lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 MALT1 Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 NFAT Nuclear factor of activated T cells Nfil3 Nuclear factor, interleukin 3 regulated NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Nr4a Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group
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