Classification of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on multi-phase CT scans
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Classification of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on multi-phase CT scans Donlapark Ponnoprat1 · Papangkorn Inkeaw2 · Jeerayut Chaijaruwanich3 · Patrinee Traisathit1 · Patumrat Sripan4 · Nakarin Inmutto5 · Wittanee Na Chiangmai5 · Donsuk Pongnikorn6 · Imjai Chitapanarux5 Received: 10 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 July 2020 © International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering 2020
Abstract Liver and bile duct cancers are leading causes of worldwide cancer death. The most common ones are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Influencing factors and prognosis of HCC and ICC are different. Precise classification of these two liver cancers is essential for treatment and prevention plans. The aim of this study is to develop a machine-based method that differentiates between the two types of liver cancers from multi-phase abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scans. The proposed method consists of two major steps. In the first step, the liver is segmented from the original images using a convolutional neural network model, together with task-specific preprocessing and post-processing techniques. In the second step, by looking at the intensity histograms of the segmented images, we extract features from regions that are discriminating between HCC and ICC, and use them as an input for classification using support vector machine model. By testing on a dataset of labeled multi-phase CT scans provided by Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand, we have obtained 88% in classification accuracy. Our proposed method has a great potential in helping radiologists diagnosing liver cancer. Keywords Classification · Machine learning · Image processing · Liver neoplasms · Tomography
1 Introduction As reported by the Global Cancer Statistics 2018 [7], liver and bile duct cancers are leading causes of worldwide cancer death as they were the second most responsible for cancer mortality in male and the sixth most responsible for cancer mortality in female, combined into an estimate of over 750,000 deaths in 2018. The highest incidence rate is found in the Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Africa [19]. It is also the most common cancer in Thai male and the second most common cancer in Thai female with an agestandardized rate (ASR) per 100,000 persons of 33.9 and 12.9, respectively [18]. The most common types of liver
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-020-02229-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Papangkorn Inkeaw
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cancer are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Since risk factor, prognosis, and also the management of HCC and ICC are different [11, 20, 21, 29, 35, 36], accurate screening is essential for treatment and prevention plans. Radiology imaging techniques, such as multi-phase computed tomography
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