Communication in Human-Robot Interaction
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SERVICE AND INTERACTIVE ROBOTICS (A TAPUS, SECTION EDITOR)
Communication in Human-Robot Interaction Andrea Bonarini 1
# The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review To present the multi-faceted aspects of communication between robot and humans (HRI), putting in evidence that it is not limited to language-based interaction, but it includes all aspects that are relevant in communication among physical beings, exploiting all the available sensor channels. Recent Findings For specific purposes, machine learning algorithms could be exploited when data sets and appropriate algorithms are available. Summary Together with linguistic aspects, physical aspects play an important role in HRI and make the difference with respect to the more limited human-computer interaction (HCI). A review of the recent literature about the exploitation of different interaction channels is presented. The interpretation of signals and the production of appropriate communication actions require to consider psychological, sociological, and practical aspects, which may affect the performance. Communication is just one of the functionalities of an interactive robot and, as all the others, will need to be benchmarked to support the possibility for social robots to reach a real market. Keywords Human-robot interaction . Communication . Robot design
Introduction Robots that are involved in communication are growing exponentially [1], and they will increase even faster as the communication abilities will open new applications. Social robots [2, 3•] used in public spaces (for instance, hotels [4, 5], malls [6, 7], airports [8, 9], hospitals), education [10•], assistance [11, 12], and personal care [13–15], co-bots [16, 17] used in production plants, but also smart toys [18] and autonomous cars [19, 20], all need to interact effectively with people. Interaction may be based on communicative acts [21, 22], performed intentionally to produce some effect in the interacting agent(s), but also obtained by unintentional acts, since it is impossible not to communicate when a channel is open between two agents [23].
This article belongs to the Topical Collection on Service and Interactive Robotics * Andrea Bonarini [email protected] 1
Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
Human-robot interaction requires from both sides the exploitation of different sense channels [24], typically hearing, sight, and touch, respectively, presented in sections “The Hearing Channel: Sounds and Speech,” “The Sight Channel: Light and More,” and “The Touch Channel.” The signals should be not only produced and detected along these channels but need to be elaborated to produce information compatible with the decision function of both the human and robot agents, so that appropriate actions can be selected as a consequence of the communicative act. Interpretation could be either programmed, or learned, as discussed in “Learning to Interact.” In communication, so also in HRI, it is
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