Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Different Artemisia Cina Extracts and their Nanoparticulated Forms against A549 Lun
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Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, Vol. 54, No. 9, December, 2020 (Russian Original Vol. 54, No. 9, September, 2020)
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT ARTEMISIA CINA EXTRACTS AND THEIR NANOPARTICULATED FORMS AGAINST A549 LUNG CANCER CELL LINE Aseel Khaled Al Sarayrah,1 Rasha Zakaria Al Tarawneh,1 Maha Nasr,2,* and Sherif S. Ebada3,4 Original article submitted October 19, 2019. The present study aimed to investigate the possible antiproliferative effects of the plant extracts of Artemisia cina on lung cancer, and whether the nanoencapsulation of the plant extracts in the form of nanoemulsion would potentiate their therapeutic efficacy. Soxhlet extraction of the freshly collected shade-dried plant using n-hexane and methanol was performed, and the two extracts were loaded within nanoemulsion using the water dilution method. The nanoemulsion was characterized for its particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity, physicochemical stability under refrigeration conditions, and was morphologically visualized using transmission electron microscopy. The antiproliferative activity of the extracts and their nanoforms was tested in A549 lung cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results revealed the successful preparation of the plant extract-loaded nanoemulsions with suitable particle size from 15-16 nm, a homogenous dispersion with polydispersity index (PDI) ranging from 0.23-0.31, and neutral surface charge. The nanoemulsions displayed insignificant changes in their physicochemical properties after storage for 3 months, and their spherical morphology was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. Both n-hexane and methanol extracts di splayed antiproliferative activity against A549 cells, with IC50 values of 35.96 ± 1.7 and 41.6 ± 2.8 mg/ml, respectively. On the other hand, their respective nanoparticulated forms displayed superior antiproliferative activity, with IC50 values of 12.59 ± 0.7 and 5.6 ± 0.4 mg/ml, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that nanoencapsulation of plant extracts would significantly potentiate their antiproliferative activity, which paves the way towards a more effective anticancer therapy. Keywords: nanoemulsion; extract; Artemisia cina; A549 cells; lung cancer.
with a five-year survival rate ranging from 92 to 0% for the earliest and the latest stages, respectively [5]. Despite the several advances achieved in early detection and treatment, lung cancer is still featuring poor prognosis and hence, its prevention and treatment are still unfulfilled demands [2 – 5]. In view of the poor prognosis obtained for the standard treatment of lung cancer, there is a continuous need for searching and finding out new drugs, particularly those obtained from natural sources such as medicinal plants. Among the most commonly used plants in herbal medicine for its wide range of bioactivities is Artemisia cina, family Asteraceae. The genus Artemisia is mainly spread in Asia, Europa and North America [6]. A plenty of studies rep
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