Comparison of 2D simultaneous multi-slice and 3D GRASE readout schemes for pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling of c
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Comparison of 2D simultaneous multi‑slice and 3D GRASE readout schemes for pseudo‑continuous arterial spin labeling of cerebral perfusion at 3 T Manjunathan Nanjappa1,2 · Thomas Troalen2 · Josef Pfeuffer3 · Bénédicte Maréchal4,5,6 · Tom Hilbert4,5,6 · Tobias Kober4,5,6 · Fabien C. Schneider7,8 · Pierre Croisille1,7 · Magalie Viallon1,7 Received: 9 April 2020 / Revised: 8 September 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology (ESMRMB) 2020
Abstract Objective In this perfusion magnetic resonance imaging study, the performances of different pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) sequences were compared: two-dimensional (2D) single-shot readout with simultaneous multislice (SMS), 2D single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) and multishot three-dimensional (3D) gradient and spin echo (GRASE) sequences combined with a background-suppression (BS) module. Materials and methods Whole-brain PCASL images were acquired from seven healthy volunteers. The performance of each protocol was evaluated by extracting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measures using an inline morphometric segmentation prototype. Image data postprocessing and subsequent statistical analyses enabled comparisons at the regional and sub-regional levels. Results The main findings were as follows: (i) Mean global CBF obtained across methods was were highly correlated, and these correlations were significantly higher among the same readout sequences. (ii) Temporal signal-to-noise ratio and gray-matter-to-white-matter CBF ratio were found to be equivalent for all 2D variants but lower than those of 3D-GRASE. Discussion Our study demonstrates that the accelerated SMS readout can provide increased acquisition efficiency and/or a higher temporal resolution than conventional 2D and 3D readout sequences. Among all of the methods, 3D-GRASE showed the lowest variability in CBF measurements and thus highest robustness against noise. Keywords ASL · Perfusion · Simultaneous multi-slice · Multiband · Brain · Cerebral blood flow
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-020-00888-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Manjunathan Nanjappa [email protected]‑lyon.fr 1
Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, INSA, CNRS, UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, 42023 Saint‑Etienne, France
2
Siemens Healthcare SAS, Saint‑Denis, France
3
Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Application Development, Erlangen, Germany
4
Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
Stroke is a major global public health issue and the third leading cause of death in industrialized countries; early detection and treatment play important roles in limiting brain damage and improving patient outcomes. Thus, there is a need to improve both the timely identification of stroke 5
Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne,
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