Comparison of the biocontrol efficacy of culture filtrate from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 and acetic acid against P
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Comparison of the biocontrol efficacy of culture filtrate from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 and acetic acid against Penicillium digitatum, in vitro and in vivo Sawai Boukaew & Wanida Petlamul & Poonsuk Prasertsan
Accepted: 30 September 2020 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2020
Abstract The antifungal compounds in a culture filtrate of Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 (culture filtrate RL1-178) have been found to include acetic acid as their major component. The aim of this study was to compare the biocontrol efficacy of culture filtrate RL-1-178 with its major component at various concentrations, in inhibiting the growth of green mold disease from Penicillium digitatum, in vitro and in orange fruits. S. philanthi RL-1-178 was able to produce both antifungal metabolites and volatile compounds which inhibited the mycelial growth of P. digitatum. The effective dose of culture filtrate RL-1-178 was 2.5 mL/10 mL on PDA. Both culture filtrate RL-1-178 and commercial acetic acid at 1.5 mM completely suppressed the mycelial growth of P. digitatum and inhibited spore germination but did not kill the spores. Orange fruits treated with culture filtrate RL-1-178 showed less disease symptoms, disease incidence (12%) and a smaller lesion diameter (1.8 mm) than those treated with 1.5 mM acetic acid (25% and 5.6 mm, respectively). Moreover, a combination of both the culture filtrate and acetic acid Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02128-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. S. Boukaew (*) : W. Petlamul College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla 90000, Thailand e-mail: [email protected] P. Prasertsan Research and Development Office, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
(1.5 mM) was able to completely suppress the disease. The results revealed that culture filtrate RL-1-178 alone or acetic acid alone, as well as their combination were successful in controlling green mold disease. Keywords Acetic acid . Biocontrol . Culture filtrate . Penicillium digitatum . Streptomyces philanthi
Introduction Green mold disease caused by Penicillium digitatum (Pers.:Fr.) Sacc is an economically important postharvest disease of citrus fruit, to which it is susceptible during storage and marketing because of its high moisture content and nutritional value (Xin et al. 2019). Infection by this pathogen causes 90% of production losses during the postharvest period (Fallanaj et al. 2016; Zhu et al. 2019). In general, the application of chemical fungicides is still the most widely used method of controlling postharvest disease on fruit. However, synthetic fungicides are generally harmful to the environment, health and food safety, and cause pathogen resistance (El-Goorani et al. 1984; Zhu et al. 2019). Therefore, the development of effective microbial antifungal agents could be an alternative method of controlling postharvest disease in citrus fruit. Biolo
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