Comprehensive revision of Anemonactis (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Haloclavidae) in Japan: reestablishment of Anemon
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Comprehensive revision of Anemonactis (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Haloclavidae) in Japan: reestablishment of Anemonactis minuta (Wassilieff, 1908) comb. nov. and description of Anemonactis tohrui sp. nov. Takato Izumi 1 & Kensuke Yanagi 2 & Toshihiko Fujita 3 Received: 23 March 2019 / Revised: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 14 May 2020 # Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung 2020
Abstract Specimens of the sea anemone Halcampella minuta Wassilieff, 1908, (Actiniaria: Haloclavidae) were collected from several localities in Japan during 2014–2017. Although this species had previously been synonymized with Anemonactis mazeli (Jourdan, 1880) due to its smaller size and fewer tentacles, it was under dispute whether this sea anemone was in fact a different species. In this study, the taxon is redescribed from newly collected material and assigned to the genus Anemonactis Andres, 1881 as Anemonactis minuta (Wassilieff, 1908) comb. nov. Its differences from all considered valid species in this genus are discussed. Furthermore, the Atlanto-Mediterranean species Anemonactis mazeli has been considered cosmopolitan by some authors. However, the study of additional material suggests that most of the previous records of this species in Japanese waters belong to a new species, Anemonactis tohrui sp. nov., proposed herein. Keywords New species . Acrosphere . Large basitrich . Neotype . Biological dredge . Misaki . Kamogawa
Introduction The genus Anemonactis Andres, 1881 belongs to Haloclavidae, a family of sea anemones included in the superfamily Actinioidea in suborder Enthemonae (Rodriguez et al. 2014). The most distinct features of Haloclavidae are the presence of a single, ventral, This article is registered in ZooBank under http://zoobank.org/338EEB33FE8E-456B-A98C-5F79F41D07B6. Communicated by B. W. Hoeksema * Takato Izumi [email protected] 1
Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
2
Coastal Branch of Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Katsuura, Chiba 299-5242, Japan
3
Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
usually very strong siphonoglyph and a physa-like aboral end (Carlgren 1949). Therefore, this family had been classified within the tribe Athenaria, suborder Nynantheae (e.g., Carlgren 1949), but was recently transferred to the suborder Enthemonae in the comprehensive reorganization of the Actiniaria based on molecular phylogenetic research (Rodríguez et al. 2014). All species within this family always inhabit sand or mud on the seafloor. There are 11 genera and 34 species known in this family worldwide (Daly et al. 2007; Fautin 2013; Fautin et al. 2007; Lauretta et al. 2011; Yap et al. 2014; Izumi et al. 2016, 2017; Daly and Fautin 2018; Barragán et al. 2019). In Japan, five species in four genera of this family have been reported: Anemonactis mazeli (Jourdan, 1880); Harenac
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