Computational model of a synovial joint morphogenesis
- PDF / 4,739,698 Bytes
- 14 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 90 Downloads / 189 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Computational model of a synovial joint morphogenesis Andrés Felipe Carrera‑Pinzón1 · Kalenia Márquez‑Flórez1,2,3 · Reuben H. Kraft4,5 · Salah Ramtani6 · Diego Alexander Garzón‑Alvarado1,2,3 Received: 25 June 2019 / Accepted: 8 December 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Joints enable the relative movement between the connected bones. The shape of the joint is important for the joint movements since they facilitate and smooth the relative displacement of the joint’s parts. The process of how the joints obtain their final shape is yet not well understood. Former models have been developed in order to understand the joint morphogenesis leaning only on the mechanical environment; however, the obtained final anatomical shape does not match entirely with a realistic geometry. In this study, a computational model was developed with the aim of explaining how the morphogenesis of joints and shaping of ossification structures are achieved. For this model, both the mechanical and biochemical environments were considered. It was assumed that cartilage growth was controlled by cyclic hydrostatic stress and inhibited by octahedral shear stress. In addition, molecules such as PTHrP and Wnt promote chondrocyte proliferation and therefore cartilage growth. Moreover, the appearance of the primary and secondary ossification centers was also modeled, for which the osteogenic index and PTHrP–Ihh concentrations were taken into account. The obtained results from this model show a coherent final shape of an interphalangeal joint, which suggest that the mechanical and biochemical environments are crucial for the joint morphogenesis process. Keywords Joint · Joint morphogenesis · Joint development · Finite element methods · Synovial joints · Development · Cartilage growth
1 Introduction Joint development is characterized by three steps: interzone onset, cavitation, and morphogenesis. The interzone determines the joint place within the bone blastema, and it is characterized by cells that stopped their differentiation * Kalenia Márquez‑Flórez [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
2
Biomimetics Laboratory, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
3
Numerical Methods and Modeling Research Group (GNUM), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
4
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
5
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
6
Laboratoire CSPBAT, équipe LBPS, CNRS (UMR 7244), Université Paris 13, Villetaneuse, France
to chondrocytes (Francis-West et al. 1999b; Pacifici et al. 2005). The interzone gives place to the cavitation process, which leads to the physical separation of the anlagen (Pacifici et al. 2005). Afterward comes the last step of the joint development, its morphogenesis; within this process, th
Data Loading...
