Construction of Ag 2 O-modified g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst for rapid visible light degradation of ofloxacin
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Construction of Ag2O-modified g-C3N4 photocatalyst for rapid visible light degradation of ofloxacin Huifen Yin 1 & Hanlu Shi 1 & Lei Sun 1,2 & Dongsheng Xia 1,2 & Xiangjuan Yuan 1,2 Received: 12 June 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The design of stable and highly efficient photocatalysts had emerged as an economic and promising way for eliminating harmful pharmaceutical pollutants. In this study, a series of Ag2O-modified g-C3N4 composites with different Ag2O amounts (denoted as Ag2O-CNx) were fabricated via a facile reflux condensation methodology. Ofloxacin (OFL) was chosen as a model pollutant to evaluate the degradation efficiency of the photocatalytic system. The optimal photocatalytic activity was achieved with Ag2OCN1.0, which reached up to 99.1% removal of OFL after 15-min reaction and the pseudo-first-order constant was 0.469 min−1, approximately 42 times higher than that of g-C3N4. Considering the complexity of the actual environment, the important influential factors such as catalyst dosage, initial OFL concentration, solution pH, and natural organic matter on the OFL degradation were systematically investigated. Additionally, Ag2O-CN1.0 showed good stability and recyclability in multiple cycle experiments. The feasible photodegradation mechanism of OFL was proposed with radical scavenger experiments, and the degradation products were determined. Furthermore, the enhanced photocatalytic activity could be ascribed to not only the high photogenerated charge separation efficiency and the surface plasmon resonance effect of metallic Ag, but also the p-n heterojunction formed between Ag2O and g-C3N4. Therefore, Ag2O-CN1.0 was a treatment material possessing great application prospects for eliminating OFL in wastewater. Keywords Ag2O . g-C3N4 . Photocatalysis . Heterojunction . Ofloxacin . Mechanism
Introduction Ofloxacin (OFL), one of the representative second generation of fluoroquinolone drug, is widely used for respiratory and bacterial infections in humans and animals because of its board-spectrum activity against bacteria (Lv et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2020a). In recent years, OFL at ng L−1 to μg Responsible Editor: Santiago V. Luis Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-02011390-y. * Dongsheng Xia [email protected] * Xiangjuan Yuan [email protected] 1
School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
2
Engineering Research Center for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430073, China
L−1 has been extensively detected in the aquatic environment such as wastewater, surface water, groundwater, and even drinking water (Zhu et al. 2016a; Kaur et al. 2018a). Due to the presence of hydrolysis resistance of quinolone ring, its persistence against biological degradation could pose potential risks to the safety of the aquatic ecosystem and human (Sh
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