Construction of occipital bone fracture using B-spline curves
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Construction of occipital bone fracture using B-spline curves Abdul Majeed1 · Abd Rahni Mt Piah2 · Zainor Ridzuan Yahya3 · Johari Yap Abdullah4 · Muhammad Rafique5
Received: 29 June 2017 / Accepted: 10 July 2017 © SBMAC - Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional 2017
Abstract Treating trauma to the cranio-maxillofacial region is a great challenge and requires expert clinical skills and sophisticated radiological imaging. The aim of reconstruction of the facial fractures is to rehabilitate the patient both functionally and aesthetically. In this article we employed B-spline curves to construct the occipital bone fracture using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format data. The construction of occipital bone fracture starts with the boundary extraction followed by corner detection, construction of fractured part inner outer curve for each DICOM data using B-spline curves and finally the construction of fractured part in DICOM format. Method used in this article is based on DICOM data only and does not require any technique such as mirror imaging, technical help, reference skull, or to take average thickness of skull bone. Using the proposed method, the constructed fractured implant is custom made for every individual patient. At the end of this article we present a real case, in which we have constructed the occipital bone fracture using B-spline. The proposed method has been validated using post-operation DICOM data. For practical application, Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been developed. Keywords CT scan DICOM data · Boundary extraction · B-spline curves · Occipital bone defect reconstruction · Graphical user interface (GUI)
Communicated by Cristina Turner.
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Abdul Majeed [email protected]
1
Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
2
DRB-HICOM University of Automotive Malaysia, 26607 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
3
Institute of Engineering Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Campus, 02600 Pauh, Perlis, Malaysia
4
Craniofacial Medical Imaging Research Group, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
5
National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
123
A. Majeed et al.
Mathematics Subject Classification 65D17 · 65D18 · 68U07
1 Introduction Cranio-maxillo-facial region is a complex anatomical location of the human body where reside various vital viscera. A diverse range of etiological entities can disrupt normal anatomical profile of the craniofacial region such as road traffic accidents, sports injury, tumors and congenital anomalies. Figure 1 broadly explains the various bones that join like a jig saw puzzle to construct the complex craniofacial region. It is not a surprise that the disruption of the craniofacial region secondary to trauma does not follow a pattern. Various different radiological modalities are used in practice to diagnose facial fractures such as X-rays, CT scan and MRI. Although CAD/CAM technology has been employed
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