Contributions of T cells in multiple sclerosis: what do we currently know?
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REVIEW
Contributions of T cells in multiple sclerosis: what do we currently know? Borros Arneth1 Received: 3 September 2020 / Revised: 11 October 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by neurologic dysfunction. The symptoms worsen as the disease progresses to the relapsing stage. Aim This study aimed to examine the role of T cells in MS pathogenesis. Materials and methods The review was performed based on articles obtained from PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Search terms and phrases, such as “multiple sclerosis,” “MS,” “T cells,” “development,” “Dysregulated T cells,” and “Effector T cells”, were used to identify articles that could help explore the research topic. Results The pathogenesis of MS is linked to the regulatory, inflammatory, suppressive, and effector roles of T cells. However, the actual roles of specific T cell subsets in MS development are not well understood. Discussion The study revealed a significant link between MS and T cell activity. Targeting T cells is a potential strategy for the development of new therapies to manage MS. Conclusion MS is a complex demyelinating condition that affects several million people around the world. Research has revealed that various classes of T cells, including effector T cells and regulatory T cells, influence the development and progression of MS. Further investigations are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which specific T cell populations influence MS pathogenesis. Keywords Multiple sclerosis · T-Lymphocytes · T-Cells · Effector T-cells
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system and leads to disability [1]. Patients suffering from MS show a wide range of motor, cognitive, visual, and sensory-related symptoms. However, none of these signs are considered specific to this disorder [1–3]. Researchers believe that MS may be caused by different environmental and genetic factors [4–6]; some of the factors that have been linked to the pathogenesis of MS include exposure to infectious agents, obesity, smoking, and vitamin D deficiency [7–10]. Evidence from neuropathological studies has revealed that patients with MS * Borros Arneth [email protected]‑giessen.de 1
Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg UKGM, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstr 12, 35440 Giessen, Germany
tend to have demyelination patches in the spinal cord and brain [2, 5]. In addition, MS is linked to axonal loss and immune cell infiltration [11, 12]. Some of the immune cells that infiltrate the brain and spinal cord of patients with MS include macrophages, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes. Available research evidence shows that immune cell infiltrates may play a critical role in the development of MS [10, 12]. Furthermore, prev
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