Coral Reef Ecology
Coral reef communities are among the most complex, mature and productive ecosystems on earth. Their activity resulted in the creation of vast lime constructions. Being extremely productive and having the function of a powerful biofilter, coral reefs play
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Edited by G. Heldmaier, Marburg, FRG O.L. Lange, Wlirzburg, FRG H.A. Mooney, Stanford, USA U. Sommer, Kiel, FRG
102
Ecological Studies Volumes published since 1990 are listed at the end of this book.
Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Budapest Hong Kong London Milan Paris Sanza Clara Singapore Tokyo
Yuri I. Sorokin
Coral Reef Ecology 1st edition 1993. 2nd printing 1995
With 102 Figures
Springer
Professor Dr. Yuri 1. Sorokin Institute of Oceanology Academy of Sciences Krasnodar distr. 353470 Gelendzhik CIS Zoology Department University of Queensland Santa Lucia 4067 Queensland Australia
ISBN-13: 978-3-540-60532-4 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-80046-7
e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-80046-7
Cataloging-in-Publication applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP - Einheitsaufnahme Sorokin, Jurij I.: Coral reef ecologylYuri I. Sorokin. - Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Budapest; Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris; Santa Clara; Singapore; Tokyo: Springer, 1995 (Ecological studies; Vol. 102) NE:GT This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically of translation, reprinting reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. ©
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relavant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. SPIN
10522070
31/3137-5432 I
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Printed on acid-free paper
This book is dedicated to the memory oj Thomas Goreau. The author
Contents
Introduction .......................................... . 1
Reef Lime Constructions ...........................
4
1.1
Geological History, Features of Geomorphology ......
4
1.2
Biological Factors of Formation and Erosion .........
17
1.3
Bottom Sediments ................................
28
2
Reef Environments ................................
34
2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5
Hydrodynamics and Thermohaline Features of Reef Waters ................................... Nutrients ........................................ Ambient Concentration in Waters ................... Mechanisms of External Input of Nutrients .......... Nitrogen Fixation ................................. Dynamics of Nutrients ............................ Conclusion .......................................
34 45 46 48 54 55 63
2.3
Organic Matter in Reef Waters ......................
65
3
Plankton in Coral-Reef Waters ..................... .
73
3.1
Bacterioplankton ................................. .
3.1.2 Bacte
