Coupling Pyrite-Fenton Process with Aerobic Biodegradation for the Treatment of 2-Chlorophenol
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Coupling Pyrite-Fenton Process with Aerobic Biodegradation for the Treatment of 2-Chlorophenol Iremsu Kayan & Nilgun Ayman Oz & Cetin Kantar
Received: 23 May 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This study investigates the performance of a sequential pyrite-Fenton and biological process for the treatment of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) containing wastewater using pyrite-Fenton process as a pretreatment stage. Pyrite was tested as a catalyst material in Fenton reaction due to its low cost and high abundance in the environment. All experiments were run in batch mode. The biodegradation experiments were performed under aerobic conditions using glucose as the co-substrate with untreated or Fenton-pretreated 2-CP. Despite the 100% removal of 2-CP in batch pyrite-Fenton reactors, the total organic carbon (TOC) removal only approached 70%, implying the transformation of 2-CP into some chemically stable intermediate reaction by products during pyrite-Fenton oxidation. In systems with no pyrite-Fenton pretreatment, a combined effect of biotic and abiotic processes including biological degradation, sorption, and volatilization played a significant role on 2-CP removal. The pyrite-Fenton pretreatment of 2-CP significantly improved the performance of aerobic biological reactor relative to system with no pyriteFenton pretreatment by (1) reducing the toxicity of 2-CP on aerobic microbial cells and (2) enhancing cell growth. Overall, this study shows that pyrite-Fenton
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04836-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. I. Kayan : N. A. Oz : C. Kantar (*) Department of Environmental Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
pretreatment coupled with aerobic biological degradation could provide a cost-effective solution for the treatment of wastewater containing low-biodegradable toxic compounds such as chlorophenols. Keywords Pyrite-Fenton . Pretreatment . Aerobic treatment . Dechlorination
1 Introduction Chlorophenolic compounds (CP) enter the natural environment through various industrial activities including the production of textile, leather, pesticides, herbicides, dyes, pigments, domestic preservatives, wood treatment agents, paper, and other chlorinated solvents (GomezAcata et al. 2018). Chlorophenolic compounds are usually known for their inherent toxicity and low biodegradability (Khan et al. 2011). 2-Chlorophenol (2-CP), for instance, is recognized as one of the priority water pollutants by US EPA under Clean Water Act and by European Parliament under Decision No 2455/2001/ CE. 2-CP is used as a precursor for the production of pesticides and other chlorinated compounds (Olaniran and Igbinosa 2011). It is highly mobile in the environment due to its very high solubility (Perez-Moya et al. 2007). In addition to its genotoxic and carcinogenic effects, it also presents some acute effects includin
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