COVID-19 and its Modes of Transmission
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COVID-19
COVID-19 and its Modes of Transmission Rutu Karia 1
&
Ishita Gupta 2 & Harshwardhan Khandait 3 & Ashima Yadav 4 & Anmol Yadav 5
Accepted: 28 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The World Health Organization recognized SARS-CoV-2 as a public health concern and declared it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Over 12 million people have been affected across several countries since it was first recognized. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to commonly spread via respiratory droplets formed while talking, coughing, and sneezing of an infected patient. As several cases, with an absence of travel history to the majorly affected areas were identified, a strong possibility of community transmission could have been possible. Broadly, two modes of transmission of COVID-19 exist—direct and indirect. The direct mode includes (1) transmission via aerosols formed via surgical and dental procedures and/or in the form of respiratory droplet nuclei; (2) other body fluids and secretions, for example, feces, saliva, urine, semen, and tears; and (3) mother-to-child. Indirect transmission may occur via (1) fomites or surfaces (e.g., furniture and fixtures) present within the immediate environment of an infected patient and (2) objects used on the infected person (e.g., stethoscope or thermometer). As many of these modes may be underestimated, it is necessary to emphasize and illustrate them. The goal of this paper is to briefly review how SARS-CoV-2 is shown to transmit via various modes and propose measures to reduce the risk of spread within the population and operating personnel. Keywords Transmission . Modes of transmission . Aerosols . COVID-19 transmission
Abbreviations COVID-19 C-section RNA SARS-CoV-2
Introduction Coronavirus disease-2019 Cesarean section Ribonucleic acid Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome-coronavirus-2
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Covid-19 * Rutu Karia [email protected] 1
Department of Internal Medicine, Anna Medical College and Research Centre, Montagne Blanche, Mauritius
2
Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India
3
Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
4
Department of Internal Medicine, MGM Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
5
Department of Internal Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Delhi, India
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2), was initially reported in December 2019 as pneumonia with unknown etiology in Wuhan city of China. The World Health Organization recognized SARS-CoV-2 as a public health concern and declared it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Over 12 million people have been affected across several countries since it was first recognized [1]. The disease, unless combined with other comorbidities or other preexisting diseases, is usually mild. Approximately 11% of cases require ac
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