CuATSM PET to diagnose age-related diseases: a systematic literature review

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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

CuATSM PET to diagnose age‑related diseases: a systematic literature review Naďa Majerníková1,2 · Jenny Jia Yu2 · Andrea B. Maier2,3  Received: 15 August 2020 / Accepted: 26 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020

Abstract Purpose Cu(II)-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) positron emission tomography (CuATSM PET) is a non-invasive imaging technique that can be used to detect hypoxia and inform prognosis in cancer. Hypoxia and oxidative stress are also hallmarks of various age-related diseases. Whether CuATSM PET has a role in the evaluation of hypoxia and oxidative stress in age-related diseases has yet to be established. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the utility of CuATSM PET in the diagnosis and management of age-related diseases. Methods  EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Psychinfo were systematically searched for articles published between January ­1st 1997 and February 13th 2020. We included articles published in English reporting the use of CuATSM PET in the diagnosis and management of age-related diseases in humans or animals. Results  Nine articles were included describing CuATSM PET measures in neurological and cardiovascular disease. There was higher CuATSM uptake in diseased compared to control subjects in Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), myocardial ischemia (MI), cardiac dysautonomia and atherosclerosis. Higher CuATSM uptake was seen in diseased compared to control anatomical areas in PD, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), MI and atherosclerosis. CuATSM uptake was associated with disease severity in PD, ALS, CVD and atherosclerosis. An association between CuATSM uptake and disease duration was shown in atherosclerosis. Conclusion  CuATSM uptake is higher in neurological and cardiovascular diseases and associated with disease severity and duration. Further investigations using CuATSM PET in other age-related diseases are needed. Keywords  Positron-emission tomography · Hypoxia · Ferroptosis · Aged · Nervous system disease · Cardiovascular disease · Morbidity

Introduction Aging is associated with an increased risk of developing age-related disease [1]. Age-related diseases, such as neurological and cardiovascular diseases, represent the leading * Andrea B. Maier [email protected] 1



Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

2



Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

3

Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @Age, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands



cause of death worldwide [2, 3]. Many of these diseases share important hallmarks of aging including accumulation of DNA damage [4], mitochondrial dysfunction [5], decreased autophagy [6], and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [7]. The latter can lead to oxidative stress a