Cultivation of energy crops by ecological methods under the conditions of global climate and environmental changes with
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cultivation of energy crops by ecological methods under the conditions of global climate and environmental changes with the use of diatom extract as a natural source of chemical compounds K. Piotrowski1 · Z. Romanowska‑Duda1 · B. Messyasz2 Received: 15 April 2020 / Revised: 23 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 / Published online: 6 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Modern agriculture must be subject to some adaptation processes due to unpredictable climate changes. One of the activities that enables the production of plant biomass in adverse climatic conditions is the development of ecological and innovative crop technologies using natural plant extracts. The elimination of synthetic fertilizers and their replacement with products based on organic matter will increase the plant’s resistance to negative conditions of environmental stress, will have a positive effect on the development and yielding of plants and will reduce cultivation costs. The plant material: willow (Salix viminalis), Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) and Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita). The natural extract was obtained from Navicula sp. (Bacillariophyceae) monocultures, which was applied to plants in three variants: watering, spraying (foliar application) and watering and spraying. Every 2 weeks: plant height and chlorophyll content index were determined and at the end of the growing season, an analysis was made of: fresh and dry biomass, gas exchange activity in plants (net photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductivity and intercellular CO2 concentration). The enzymatic activity of acid (pH = 6.0) and alkaline (pH = 7.5) phosphatase, RNase, dehydrogenases, as well as the integrity of cytoplasmic membranes was determined. The obtained results confirmed the positive effect of diatom monoculture extract on the growth and development of the plants. The analyzed physicochemical parameters were characterized by 15–20% higher values in comparison with the control. The use of natural extracts from Navicula sp. can be an alternative to chemical fertilizers and is considered one of the promising strategies in organic agriculture. Keywords Salix viminalis · Helianthus tuberosus · Sida hermaphrodita · Bacillariophyceae · Biostimulators · Biofertilizer
Introduction Limiting the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture due to their negative impact on the environment and human health is one of the priority assumptions of modern, sustainable
Communicated by P. Wojtaszek. * Z. Romanowska‑Duda [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Str. 12/16, 92‑237 Lodz, Poland
Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Str. Umultowska 89, 61‑614 Poznań, Poland
2
European policy. The latest regulation of the European Parliament from June 2019 radically changes the approach in the use and production of artificial fertil
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