Date palm fruit extract ameliorated pancreatic apoptosis, endocrine dysfunction and regulatory inflammatory cytokines in
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Date palm fruit extract ameliorated pancreatic apoptosis, endocrine dysfunction and regulatory inflammatory cytokines in Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats Mona H. Hafez 1
&
Samar S. Elblehi 2
&
Yasser S. El-Sayed 3
Received: 9 April 2020 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The current work studied the mechanism(s) and ability by which date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit extract (DPE) inspired a glucose-lowering impact in rats suffering from diabetes. Forty-eight albino rats were divided into six various experimental treatments after induction of diabetes by intraperitoneal infusion of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg bwt) as follows: normal control, DPE, diabetic control, diabetic glibenclamide (GLI), diabetic DPE, and diabetic GLI plus DPE-treated groups. In animals euthanized after 8 weeks, blood and pancreatic tissue samples were assembled to assess different biochemical and histopathological changes. The expressions of insulin, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3 (caspase-3) in islet β cells were also evaluated using immunohistochemical assessment. Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia; increment of pancreatic malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation biomarker), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β); and decrement of plasma insulin and pancreatic antioxidants: glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase values. Also, the pancreatic islets exhibited histopathological and morphometric alternations associated with weak positive insulin and Bcl-2 immunoreactivity and strong positive caspase-3 immunoreactivity. DPE and/or GLI, an anti-diabetic drug, improved the pancreatic histoarchitecture and improved β cell function and structure, which increased insulin levels and improved the insulin, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 immunoreactivity in diabetic rats. Nevertheless, the combined DPE and GLI therapy revealed a significant recovery and restoration of β cells’ structure and function. The date palm fruit has antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities and hypoglycemic effects, which in turn play a pivotal role in avoiding the progression of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, it could potentiate the glucose-lowering activity of anti-diabetic drugs. Keywords Diabetes mellitus . Endocrine disruption . Cytokines . Histopathology . Immunohistochemistry . Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Key points - DPE constituents have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperglycemic activities - DPE restored pancreatic β cell structure, thereby preserving insulinglucose levels - DPE decreased MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels and increased SOD and CAT activities - GLI/DPE increased Bcl-2 and decreased caspase-3 expression, alleviating apoptosis - GLI/DPE co-treatment protect pancreatic β cells of the islets from STZ toxicity Responsible Editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim * Yasser S. El-Sayed [email protected]; [email protected] Mona H. Hafez [email protected]; [email protected]
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