Delignification of Pinecone and Extraction of Formic Acid in the Hydrolysate Produced by Alkaline Fractionation
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Delignification of Pinecone and Extraction of Formic Acid in the Hydrolysate Produced by Alkaline Fractionation Jin Seong Cha 1 & Byung Hwan Um 1 Received: 5 November 2019 / Accepted: 12 March 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
The objectives of our research are to investigate the concept of delignification from pinecone through alkaline fractionation and then extraction of formic acid from the hydrolysate through esterification using ethanol. The pinecone is considered a promising material because of its relatively higher lignin content (35.80%) than other lignocellulosic biomass. The recovery yield of acid insoluble lignin (AIL) reached its maximum value of 79.20% at 8% NaOH, and the concentration of formic acid in the hydrolysate had its highest value under the same conditions. Moreover, the glucan content in fractionated solid remained high. The hydrolysate was subjected to esterification with ethanol under various reaction conditions for formic acid extraction, with solvent mixing ratio range: 1:1–1:4 v/v, reaction temperature range: 30–45 °C, and reaction time range: 60– 100 min. Subsequently, the ethanol mixture (ethanol and ethyl formate) was recovered through distillation. The formic acid was extracted with more than 85% at mixing ratio of 1:2 and 45 °C for all reaction times. Furthermore, salt compounds composed mainly of Na and S were recovered because of its properties not soluble in ethanol solution. Keywords Pinecone . Lignin . Formic acid . Ethanol . Salt compounds
* Byung Hwan Um [email protected] Jin Seong Cha [email protected]
1
Department of Chemical Engineering and Interagency Convergence Energy on New Biomass Industry, Hankyong National University, 327, Jungang-ro, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17579, South Korea
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Introduction The depletion of petroleum resources and environmental issues such as global warming as a result of greenhouse gas emission has generated interest in developing strategies to replace petroleum-derived compounds with sustainable alternatives [20, 21]. Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock in this context of high sugar content and low price and includes several groups of materials that are agricultural residues, forest residues, or municipal solid wastes [5]. In particular, depolymerization and delignification of biomass have attracted considerable attention in recent researches. The pine tree has been used worldwide in the pulp and paper industries. One of the residues of the pine tree, the pinecone, is one kind of abundant lignocellulosic biomass that lacks intensive study. After seed collection, pinecones were commonly burned or abandoned [25] and were difficult to recover because it mixed with the soil over time. Although the collection of pinecone is practically a difficult challenge, researchers have noted recently the high value of pinecone and have showed its effective utilization methods such as medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and high-strength nanocellulose fiber
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