Designing Emergency Steering and Evasion Assist to Enhance Safety in Use and Controllability
The development of evasion systems is a challenge when it comes to the design of the human machine interaction. To effectively assist the driver and prevent a collision, an emergency evasive manoeuvre has to be highly dynamic which may have an adverse eff
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Norbert Schneider, Guy Berg, Svenja Paradies, Peter Zahn, Alexander Huesmann, and Alexandra Neukum
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Introduction
To date most driver assistance systems associated with steering focus on increasing driving comfort by supporting the driver during manual driving. This includes primarily lane keeping, lane centring and parking assistance. However, up to now no assistance system has been introduced to the market featuring an emergency steering and evasion assistant. Although research activities have increased in the last years, several challenging issues still remain to be solved. This includes the design of steering and evasion assistants that effectively help to avoid collisions and can be controlled in case of a false positive activation. To effectively avoid collisions in time-critical scenarios, the intervention of a steering and evasion assistant has to be highly dynamic. However, to be controllable in case of a false positive activation, the intervention of a steering and evasion assistant has to be limited. This goal conflict between the effectiveness in a true positive scenario and the controllability in case of a false positive activation cannot be easily solved. Moreover, research suggests that drivers reduce the effectiveness of steering and evasion assistants N. Schneider () A. Neukum Center for Traffic Sciences (IZVW), University of Wuerzburg Wuerzburg, Germany G. Berg A. Huesmann Safety in Use, Functional Safety, BMW Group Munich, Germany S. Paradies Interieur, Human Machine Interface, User Experience, BMW Group Munich, Germany P. Zahn Autonomous Driving, Active Safety and Sensors, BMW Group Munich, Germany © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH 2018 K. Bengler et al. (eds.), UR:BAN Human Factors in Traffic, ATZ/MTZ-Fachbuch, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-15418-9_28
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based on steer torque actuators by holding the steering wheel firmly at the beginning of an intervention. This reaction of the drivers reduces the collision avoidance potential of steering and evasion assistants. Several strategies were developed to overcome these problems, like using different steering actuators, decoupling of the driver input from the actual steering (cf. steer-by-wire functionality), using override detection or implementing warnings prior to an intervention. However, it is difficult to assess which measures are most promising to influence effectiveness and controllability of a steering and evasion assistant. To date most publications solely focus on technical aspects of different system designs leaving the interaction of the system design with the driver out of scope. Nonetheless, for the assessment of the influence of different system designs it is important to have detailed knowledge about the interaction of the system design with the driver. This chapter describes different designs of an emergency steering and evasion assistant and discusses advantages as well as disadvantages of these designs with a focus on the interaction of the system with the driver. Additionally, current resea
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