Detection, replication and quantification of deformed wing virus-A, deformed wing virus-B, and black queen cell virus in
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Detection, replication and quantification of deformed wing virus-A, deformed wing virus-B, and black queen cell virus in the endemic stingless bee, Melipona colimana, from Jalisco, Mexico Nuria Morfin 1 & Hanan A. Gashout 1 & José O. Macías-Macías 2 & Alvaro De la Mora 1 & José C. Tapia-Rivera 2 & José M. Tapia-González 2 & Francisca Contreras-Escareño 3 & Ernesto Guzman-Novoa 1,2 Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Melipona colimana is a stingless bee endemic to the temperate regions of Jalisco, Mexico, where it provides pollinating services and is cultured for the production of honey and cerumen. There is little information about the sanitary status of M. colimana, but it is critical to know more about it to keep these bees healthy and productive. The proximity of M. colimana colonies to commercial honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies could facilitate pathogens transmission between the two species. We determined the presence, replication, and levels of two variants of deformed wing virus (DWV-A and DWV-B), and black queen cell virus (BQCV) in samples of M. colimana and A. mellifera. We also compared the DWV-A variant with variants from other regions of the world. Both A. mellifera and M. colimana were positive to DWV-A and BQCV, but negative to DWV-B. Quantification analyses showed that A. mellifera had significantly higher levels of DWV-A and BQCV than did M. colimana. Additionally, evidence of DWV-A and BQCV replication in M. colimana was demonstrated by visualizing the minus-strand of DWV and BQCV RNA using tagged primers for RT-PCR. The DWV-A variant did not seem to be atypical compared to variants from other world regions. Due to the importance of M. colimana for the conservation of regional ecosystems as well as for its use for honey and cerumen production, the potential impact of multiplying honey bee viruses in M. colimana populations deserves further investigation. Keywords Honey bees . Wild pollinators . Melipona colimana . Pathogen spillover . Deformed wing virus . Black queen cell virus
Introduction Managed and unmanaged bees are the most important pollinators of agricultural crops and wild plants. Therefore, the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00320-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Nuria Morfin [email protected] 1
University of Guelph, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
2
Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas (CIABE), Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva No. 883, Cd. Guzman, Jalisco, Mexico
3
Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Avenida Independencia Nacional No. 161, Autlan, Jalisco, Mexico
continuous decline of their populations has been a topic of increasing concern (Potts et al. 2010). Viruses
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