Determination of Cotton as a Larval Feeding Source for Lepidopteran Moths Using a Derivative from Cotton Metabolites as
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Determination of Cotton as a Larval Feeding Source for Lepidopteran Moths Using a Derivative from Cotton Metabolites as a Marker by LC-MS/MS Method Jae Hak Kim 1 & Andreas Lagojda 2 & Dirk Kuehne 2 & Dieudonné Tshitenge Tshitenge 3 & Swapan Chaudhuri 4 & Daniel P. Walker 1,5 & Graham Head 1 Received: 12 May 2020 / Revised: 12 August 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Determination of the feeding history of polyphagous insect pests, such as noctuid moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a critical element in developing population and resistance management strategies for such pests. To identify reliable markers for larval host plant determination and to develop simple extraction and detection methods, a metabolomics approach was implemented after acid hydrolysis of adult moth samples. We identified a derivative from cotton metabolites as a marker in adult moths that were fed cotton tissues as a larval diet, and we propose that the marker is tricycloheliocide H4 based on NMR and mass fragmentation analysis. Using this derivative from cotton metabolites as a marker, a targeted LC-MS/MS method reliably identified cotton as a larval diet in extracts of three noctuid moth species: Helicoverpa zea (cotton bollworm), Chloridea (Heliothis) virescens (tobacco budworm) and Chrysodeixis includens (soybean looper). We are using similar approaches to identify markers for other host plants including soybean. Keywords Moths . Heliocides . Cotton . LC-MS/MS . NMR . Metabolomics
Introduction Knowing patterns of host plant use by polyphagous crop pests is a prerequisite to understanding population dynamics, which, in turn, is necessary for designing appropriate programs to manage and delay pest resistance development. To determine larval host plant use, stable isotope measurement of 13C/12C ratios in moth wing tissues, using isotope Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-020-01219-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jae Hak Kim [email protected] 1
Bayer US Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
2
Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Research & Development, Alfred-Nobel-Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
3
Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
4
Bayer US Crop Science, 37437 State Hwy 16, Woodland, CA 95695, USA
5
Zoetis, 333 Portage St., Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
ratio-mass spectrometry (IR-MS), has been used to distinguish insects that fed on C3-type plants such as cotton and soybean as larvae from insects that consumed C4-type plants such as corn and sorghum (Gould et al. 2002). While this method can differentiate larvae feeding on C3or C4-type plants, it cannot differentiate larvae feeding on host plants with the same photosynthetic pathway, such as cotton and soybean (both C3). There is an analytical method that detects gossypol residues that were ingested by a larval feeding on cotton and retained in the adult moth (Or
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