Development and Validation of an Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to Measure Implicit Dysfunctional Belie
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Development and Validation of an Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to Measure Implicit Dysfunctional Beliefs about Caregiving in Dementia Family Caregivers Isabel Cabrera 1
&
María Márquez-González 1
&
Naoko Kishita 2
&
Carlos Vara-García 3
&
Andrés Losada 3
Accepted: 2 November 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Caregivers of people with dementia who endorse dysfunctional beliefs about caregiving are at high risk of experiencing higher levels of distress. These dysfunctional beliefs are presented in the form of rules, verbal statements that specify what responsibilities one should expect in order to be a “good caregiver,” and are characterized as rigid, unrealistic, or highly demanding. Previous studies relied exclusively on self-report measures when assessing such dysfunctional beliefs about caregiving. The objectives of this study were: 1) to develop and validate an Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to measure implicit dysfunctional beliefs about caregiving (CARE-IRAP), and 2) considering the relatively high age of the sample, to analyze the adaptation of the IRAP for older adults, comparing the IRAP performance between older adult caregivers and middle-aged caregivers. Participants were 123 dementia family caregivers with a mean age of 62.24 ± 12.89. Adaptations were made to the IRAP by adjusting the accuracy and response time criteria. The sample was split into middle-aged caregivers (below 60 years) and older adult caregivers (60 or older). The CARE-IRAP scores presented significant positive correlations with explicit measures of dysfunctional beliefs about caregiving and experiential avoidance in caregiving. A similar pattern of results was observed across the two age groups. The results revealed that caregivers endorse implicit dysfunctional beliefs about caregiving and offer preliminary support for the use of the IRAP as a valid measure of implicit caregiving beliefs. This exploratory study is the first to adapt the IRAP criteria to older adults, and future studies should further explore criteria suitable for this population. Keywords Caregivers . Dementia . Dysfunctional beliefs . Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure
Caregiving of elderly persons with dementia can lead to chronic stress, resulting in negative psychological and physical consequences (e.g., Sallim, Sayampanathan, Cuttilan, & Ho, 2015). Substantial research has been conducted to identify factors leading to negative consequences of caregiving. One of the best-established models, the sociocultural stress and coping model adapted to caregiving (Knight & Sayegh,
* Isabel Cabrera [email protected] 1
Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C /Iván Paulov, 6, 28049 Madrid, Spain
2
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
3
Department of Psychology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
2010), suggests that the relationship between caregivers’ stressors and negative psycholo
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