Development of international clinical practice guidelines: benefits, limitations, and alternative forms of international
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Development of international clinical practice guidelines: benefits, limitations, and alternative forms of international collaboration Murad Alam1 · Vishnu Harikumar1 · Bianca Y. Kang1 · Sarah A. Ibrahim1 · Nour Kibbi2 · Joshua L. Owen1,32 · Ian A. Maher3 · Todd V. Cartee4 · Joseph F. Sobanko5 · Kelly A. Reynolds1 · Diana Bolotin6 · Abigail H. Waldman7 · Kira Minkis8 · Brian Petersen9 · M. Laurin Council10 · Kishwer S. Nehal11 · Y. Gloria Xu12 · S. Brian Jiang13 · Ally‑Khan Somani14 · Christopher K. Bichakjian15 · Conway C. Huang16 · Daniel B. Eisen17 · David M. Ozog18 · Erica H. Lee11 · Faramarz H. Samie19 · Isaac M. Neuhaus20 · Jeremy S. Bordeaux21,22 · Jordan V. Wang23 · Justin J. Leitenberger24 · Margaret W. Mann21,25 · Naomi Lawrence26 · Nathalie C. Zeitouni27 · Nicholas Golda28 · Ramona Behshad29 · Sherrif F. Ibrahim30 · Siegrid S. Yu20 · Thuzar M. Shin5 · William G. Stebbins31 · Brandon Worley1 Received: 14 October 2020 / Revised: 30 October 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Keywords Development · International · Clinical practice · Guidelines · Benefits · Limitations · Collaboration Clinical practice guidelines convey evidence-based advice for the management of specific diseases or conditions. While recommendations in guidelines are adapted by clinicians to best serve individual patients, guidelines are also a tool for improving population health and broadly elevating the standard of care [1, 2] across a country or region. Indeed, some guidelines are even international in scope. The purpose of this review is to consider the particular benefits and limitations of international clinical practice guidelines. In addition, we consider the feasibility and utility of alternative forms of international collaboration among physicians that also lead to consensus documents regarding patient care.
Benefits of international guidelines The most obvious advantage of international clinical practice guidelines is that they avoid duplication of effort. One set of guidelines applicable to all are efficient and relatively inexpensive to produce, and easy to disseminate widely. Such guidelines also minimize confusion among guidelines users, who do not have to select the most appropriate guidelines from a menu of documents addressing the same issue. At a content level, international guidelines may bring together evidence and wisdom from many quarters, culminating in balanced and comprehensive recommendations * Murad Alam m‑[email protected]
that are founded on a breadth of salient information that was surfaced during the guidelines development process.
Challenges and limitations of international guidelines Challenges inherent in the construction of international guidelines can slow and prevent their development. To begin with, standards of care frequently differ across countries and regions. Patient and provider expectations of appropriate care may also differ, with the latter influenced by variation in medical training in different are
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