Development of Micro- and Nanocellular Polymers
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Development of Micro- and Nanocellular Polymers Holger Ruckdaeschel1, Peter Gutmann1, Volker Altstaedt1, Holger Schmalz2, and Axel H.E. Mueller2 1 Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany 2 Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany ABSTRACT The batch-foaming behavior of multiphase polymer blends and block copolymers was systematically investigated using carbon dioxide as a blowing agent. Three different polymer systems were evaluated: (i) nanostructured triblock terpolymers, (ii) microstructured polymer blends, and (iii) nanostructured polymer blends. In order to obtain nanostructured blends, immiscible blends of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PPE/SAN) were melt-compatibilised via polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) triblock terpolymers. Due to the specific interaction between the respective components, a nanostructured interphase between PPE and SAN was observed. With regard to neat block copolymers, the self-assembly of solvent-cast SBM triblock terpolymers was exploited in order to produce nanostructured morphologies. In each case, the resulting foam morphology was characterized by evaluating the foam density as well as the cell size. Combined with the multiphase structure of the non-foamed material and its thermal as well as physical behavior, relationships between the foaming characteristics and the cellular morphology were established. As an example for the foaming results, submicro-cellular structures were observed by foaming nanostructured polymer blends, while the cell walls still revealed the nanostructured morphology. In contrast, batch-foaming of neat triblock terpolymers led to the formation of microcellular foams; however, as highlighted by scanning electron microscopy, the cell walls did undergo some further expansion and formed additional nano-sized cells. In the light of these results, new routes for preparing cellular polymers are derived by systematically exploiting the multiphase characteristics of polymer blends and block copolymers. INTRODUCTION The growing importance of polymer foams, e.g. for light-weight structural applications and for thermal insulation, implicates steadily growing requirements to the materials performance [1]. It is therefore highly desirable to develop new materials and processes for controlling the foam density, but also the cell sizes over multiple length scales - both factors of primary importance for the property profile. As an example, such tailored materials can potentially show significantly enhanced mechanical properties [2]. The foaming of multiphase polymeric materials can be regarded as a promising approach to control the structure and the final properties of the polymeric foam. Special emphasis is placed on nanostructured materials, as their morphology can be readily incorporated into delicate structures such as cell walls. Besides the use of nano-reinforced polymers [3], po
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