Development of RGO/BaFe 12 O 19 -based composite medium for improved microwave absorption applications
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Development of RGO/BaFe12O19‑based composite medium for improved microwave absorption applications Shivanshu Goel1,2 · Avesh Garg1,2 · Raju Kumar Gupta3 · Ashish Dubey4 · N. Eswara Prasad4 · Sachin Tyagi1,2 Received: 17 March 2020 / Accepted: 8 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Microwave absorbing composite containing barium hexaferrite ( BaFe12O19) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been synthesized for X-band (8–12 GHz). Barium hexaferrite particles are synthesized by auto-combustion reaction using citrate precursors. The synthesis process of RGO is carried out by using improved hummer’s method. Different composites consisting of barium hexaferrite and RGO are fabricated by mixing of RGO and barium hexaferrite in different weight percentages followed by heat treatment. The developed composites are characterized for electric permittivity, magnetic permeability and reflection loss measurements. Three composites, namely RGO2, RGO4 and RGO6, are developed by varying weight percentage of RGO in barium hexaferrite. The saturation magnetization of barium hexaferrite is observed to decrease from 47.02 to 16.253 emu/g, with the increase in RGO content in the composite. The composite containing 6% RGO (RGO6) shows maximum value of complex permittivity. When RGO6 composite is casted into a pellet of thickness 2.1 mm, the maximum reflection loss of − 52.21 dB is achieved at frequency 10.72 GHz. Also, the − 10 dB bandwidth of RGO6 composite reached to 2.92 GHz, i.e., covering about 70% of X-band. Keywords Permittivity · Permeability · Saturation magnetization · Ferrite · Reflection loss
1 Introduction Microwave absorbers have gained large research interest in past few decades for its wide spread applications in reduction in electromagnetic(EM) pollution, electromagnetic interference shielding [1] and prevention of target detection from RADAR [2]. These are specially designed materials that reduce reflections or radiations from the surface by providing specific impedance and energy loss to the incident electromagnetic wave. When an electromagnetic wave is incident on a target, some part of it is reflected back, some absorbed, and rest is transmitted through the surface. * Sachin Tyagi [email protected] 1
CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India
2
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
4
Special Materials Group, DRDO-DMSRDE, Kanpur 208013, India
The detection of target by RADAR is achieved by acquiring the electromagnetic signals that are reflected back from the target. In order to attain minimum reflections, the ideal microwave absorber should provide impedance matching of free space to material-surface interface. Further, when incident wave is absorbed, its energy should be reduced by different loss mechanisms [3]. Several materials have been developed in this respect to provide magnetic losses a
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