Diagnosis of mange in West African Dwarf (WAD) and Red Sokoto (RS) goats
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Diagnosis of mange in West African Dwarf (WAD) and Red Sokoto (RS) goats Davinson Chuka Anyogu 1
&
Ziemife Precious Onuorah 1 & Chinwe Chukwudi 1
Received: 13 September 2019 / Accepted: 11 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The diagnosis of mange is problematic in the absence of mites in skin scrapings because many skin diseases present similar gross features as mange. The study evaluated the stepwise procedure for herd diagnosis of mange in the West African Dwarf (WAD) and Red Sokoto (RS) goats with greater specificity and sensitivity. Twenty-seven WAD goats (n = 27) and forty RS goats (n = 40) goats with mange-like skin lesions (alopecia, scabs, crusts, and scratch injuries) out of a total herd population of 114 WAD goats and 317 RS goats respectively in Nsukka, Eastern Nigeria, were examined by directed sampling method. Skin scrapings and biopsies were collected from the goats and processed using standard procedures. The skin scrapings revealed Sarcoptes scabiei in 7 out of 27 WAD goats with mange-like gross lesions and Psoroptes spp. together with lice (Linognathus spp.) and their eggs in 2 out of 40 RS goats with mange-like gross lesions. Histopathological studies showed that 12 out of 27 WAD goats and 2 out of 40 RS goats with mange-like gross lesions had microscopic features highly suggestive of mange; in other words, the prevalence of mange was 44.4% in WAD and 5% in RS goats. The negative samples were diagnosed as fungal infections, neoplasms, nonspecific dermatitis, and dermatoses. The combination of directed sampling by gross appearance, a parasitological study of skin scrapings, and histopathological features of the skin biopsies were used to increase the sensitivity and specificity of mange diagnosis. Keywords Diagnosis . Histopathology . Mange . Red Sokoto goat . West African Dwarf goat
Introduction The small ruminants’ husbandry plays a central role in the socioeconomic life of the rural population in many developing countries (Ujjwal and Dey 2010). The West African Dwarf (WAD) and Sokoto Red (SR) goats, which are the two most important goat breeds in Nigeria, are known to tolerate harsh tropical climates, exhibit remarkable recovery capacity from drought, adapt to traditional management systems, have short generation interval, thrive on poor-quality diets from scarce grazing on marginal land, and thus, contribute significantly to livestock production in rural agricultural systems (Odubote 1994; Hoste et al. 1988; Fitzugh et al. 1992). Both the WAD and SR goats are meat breeds, although the skin of SR goats is
* Davinson Chuka Anyogu [email protected] 1
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu 410001, Nigeria
of high quality and is used in the leather industry locally and internationally (Akpa et al. 1998). However, intense pruritus arising from parasitic diseases such as mange interferers with milk production, weight gain, and leather quality leading to serious economic loss
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