Diatoms and Cyanobacteria of Periphyton of Experimental Synthetic Polymer Materials in Karantinnaya Bay in the Black Sea
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OPLANKTON, PHYTOBENTHOS, AND PHYTOPERIPHYTON
Diatoms and Cyanobacteria of Periphyton of Experimental Synthetic Polymer Materials in Karantinnaya Bay in the Black Sea L. I. Ryabushkoa, *, A. V. Bondarenkoa, E. S. Miroshnichenkoa, D. N. Lishaeva, and A. G. Shiroyana aKovalevsky
Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received May 14, 2019; revised August 21, 2019; accepted September 23, 2019
Abstract—The species composition of diatoms and cyanobacteria of the periphyton of experimental synthetic polymer materials, which are anthropogenic waste products and damage marine coastal ecosystems, are presented for the first time. A vertical collector with polymer material samples was exposed in Karantinnaya Bay (the Black Sea) at a depth of 1 to 12 m from August 4 to September 18, 2018. A total of 94 taxa of Bacillariophyta (67) and Cyanobacteria (27) have been found. Two diatom and 15 cyanobacteria species have been detected in the Crimean coastal waters of the Black Sea for the first time. Benthic species are predominant, of which 74% are marine; two major groups are constituted by cosmopolites (58%) and arctic–boreal–tropical species (37%). In total, 32 species–indicators of saprobity are identified; among them, 21% are betamesosaprobiont diatoms living in the conditions of moderate organic pollution. The largest number of diatom and cyanobacteria species are detected on the surface of mesh collectors (48/19) and containers (40/7). These organisms actively participate in transforming and reorganizing the architectonics of fouling on the surface of the polymer samples. Thus, it is shown that synthetic materials may obtain novel biochemical properties, which can be used in the future in different areas of science and technology (medicine, biotechnology, etc.). Keywords: periphyton, diatoms, cyanobacteria, synthetic polymer materials, water saprobity, Karantinnaya Bay, the Black Sea DOI: 10.1134/S1995082920020285
INTRODUCTION Benthic diatoms and cyanobacteria, important components of fouling, are able to attach to any natural or artificial substrates in the sea and interact with them, forming a variety of microreliefs and enriching and mineralizing them (Ecology …, 2012; Sapozhnikov et al., 2018; Korsunsky et al., 2019; Ryabushko et al., 2019). In recent years, a large amount of technogenic waste, including various types of synthetic polymer materials, have been released and accumulated in marine ecosystems at a catastrophic rate (polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc.). They become part of the habitat and serve as an additional substrate for colonization by microorganisms that are involved in its transformation and partial destruction. For the rational use of marine resources and their protection from polluting substances of artificial origin, studies of the fouling of synthetic polymeric materials are necessary. To date, experimental work on the simultaneous and controlled fouling of synthetic polymeric materiP
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