Differential Modulation in Metabolites Revealed with the Improvement in the Shelf-Life of Alphonso Fruits
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Differential Modulation in Metabolites Revealed with the Improvement in the Shelf‑Life of Alphonso Fruits M. Saleem Dar1,2 · Bhushan B. Dholakia1,4 · Haripriya Shanmugam3 · Vidya S. Gupta1,2 · K. S. Subramanian3 · J. Subramanian5 · Ashok P. Giri1,2 Accepted: 14 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Globally farmers have difficulty in extending the shelf-life of the tropical fruits due to their perishable nature. The present study aimed to assess the effect of hexanal nano-formulation treatment (NFT) on the shelf-life of Alphonso mango. Further, volatilomics was performed to explore the molecular basis of such effect. Untreated and treated fruits were sampled starting from 5th to 21st day after NFT at an interval of 4 days. Moderate changes in visual and digital colour parameters were evident from the intact and dissected fruits of NFT set compared to untreated fruits. Biochemical assays affirmed the phenotypic differences with significant changes in the colour imparting compounds like carotenoids and anthocyanins among them. Further, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed significant qualitative and quantitative variations in the different classes of compounds like lactones, furanones, esters, aldehydes and alcohols. Some of the key metabolites showed differential modulations among the NFT and untreated fruit sets indicating their potential role in various processes, which ultimately might have resulted in delayed ripening of the mango. Overall, this study has demonstrated the beneficial effect of hexanal and identified important metabolites with the enhanced shelf-life in Alphonso that could be useful for farmers and mango-based food/flavour industries. Keywords Alphonso · GC–MS · Metabolites · Nano-formulation · Shelf-life · Volatilomics · Nano-biotechnology Abbreviations BHT Butylated hydroxytoluene GC-FID Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-020-00267-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Bhushan B. Dholakia [email protected] * Ashok P. Giri [email protected] 1
Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
2
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
3
Department of Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641035, India
4
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Pune, Pune 411008, India
5
Tree Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON L0R 2E0, Canada
GC–MS Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry HCA Hierarchical cluster analysis HGA Homogentisate HPPD p-Hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase NFT Nano-formulation treatment/treated PA Phosphatidic acid PCA Principal component analysis PLD Phospholipase D SD Standard deviation VOCs Volatile organic compounds
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