Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes with Thiol-Containing Ligands Can Suppress Viral Infections as Donors of the Nitrosonium Catio
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Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes with Thiol-Containing Ligands Can Suppress Viral Infections as Donors of the Nitrosonium Cation (Hypothesis) A. F. Vanina, b, * aSemenov
Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, 119334 Russia Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
b
Received April 6, 2020; revised May 8, 2020; accepted May 12, 2020
Abstract—The appropriateness of verification of the possible antiviral effect of dinitrosyl iron complexes with thiol-containing ligands as donors of nitrosonium cations (NO+) is argued. There is reason to hope that treatment of the human respiratory tract and lungs with sprayed solutions of dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as NO+ donors during COVID-19 infection can initiate S-nitrosylation of cellular proteases and thereby suppress viral infection. Keywords: dinitrosyl iron complexes, nitrosonium, S-nitrosylation, viral infections DOI: 10.1134/S0006350920040260
DINITROSYL IRON COMPLEXES WITH THIOL-CONTAINING LIGANDS: PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS It has been established that all representatives of the living world, that is, animals and humans, plants and microorganisms, continuously produce the simple compound nitric monoxide (or simply nitric oxide, NO) using enzymes, which functions in living organisms as one of the universal regulators of various metabolic and physiological processes [1–3]. In addition, as a rule, at elevated concentrations (up to 100 μmol/kg animal weight), nitric oxide acts as one of the main effectors of the cellular immunity system. There is reason to believe that the functioning of NO as an autocrine and especially paracrine effector in animals and humans is provided by its incorporation into dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) with thiol-containing (RS–) ligands [4–6]. These complexes, which exist in mononuclear and binuclear forms (M-DNICs and B-DNICs, respectively) and are described by the formulas [(RS–)2Fe(NO)2] and [(RS–)2Fe2(NO)4], respectively, arise in cells and tissues of animals that produce NO and completely mimic the biological activity of this agent [5–8]. Concerning the latter, it seems appropriate to talk not only about neutral NO molecules, but about the system of Abbreviations: DNICs, dinitrosyl iron complexes; M-DNICs, mononuclear dinitrosyl iron complexes; B-DNICs, binuclear dinitrosyl iron complexes.
their derivatives that are responsible for various metabolic and physiological processes, i.e., about the biological system of nitric oxide. There is reason to believe that M- and B-DNICs with thiol-containing ligands act in living organisms as an essential component of this system. This assumption is based on three types of experimental data concerning these complexes. The first is the large amount of data, which was mentioned above, that indicate a diverse biological effect of the chemically synthesized (exogenous) Mand B-DNICs that mimic the biological activity of the endogenous NO system
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