Discrimination of geographical origin of camellia seed oils using electronic nose characteristics and chemometrics
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Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety Journal fu¨r Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Discrimination of geographical origin of camellia seed oils using electronic nose characteristics and chemometrics Qi Peng1,2 · Qinxia Xu1 · Bealu Girma Dula1 · Jiazheng Wang1 · Jianwei Fu2 · Lan Wang2 · Bin Qian2 · Jiandi Zhou2 · Jianjiang Wu3 · Jiali Wang4 · Yinjun Ding4 Received: 4 August 2019 / Revised: 14 February 2020 / Accepted: 4 March 2020 © Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (BVL) 2020
Abstract Nowadays, the geographical origin of camellia oil (extra virgin) can be confirmed only by chemical analysis and documental traceability. This preliminary methodological study inquires the efficacy of chemometric analysis and gas chromatography coupled to an electronic nose to provide a rapid tool for the discrimination of camellia oil from different geographical origins. This method is appropriate for serving to support or corroborate geographical origin of camellia oil (extra virgin) based on its fingerprint of volatile profile, which is developed by using discriminant analysis and multivariate ordination technique (partial least squares discriminant analysis and principal components analysis). The results demonstrate that chemometrics combined with the electronic nose technique can be applied for fingerprinting to establish the authenticity of camellia oil (extra virgin) to prevent both quality and prestige loss of this product. Keywords Camellia oil (extra virgin) · Chemometrics · Geographical origin · Electronic nose
1 Introduction Chinese “Changshan oil-tea camellia oil” is produced in Changshan County, Quzhou City, Zhejiang province. This region is named “Hometown of Chinese Camellia and Tea” by the State Forestry Administration of China. Its tea oil production has a history of more than 2000 years. Camellia oil in Changshan has always played an important role in the history of tea oil in China (Yuan et al. 2013).
Qi Peng and Qinxia Xu contributed equally to this work. * Jianwei Fu [email protected] 1
School of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
2
National Engineering Research Center for Chinese Rice Wine, China Shaoxing Rice Wine Group Co., Ltd, Shaoxing 312000, China
3
Shaoxing Testing Institute of Quality Technical Supervision, Shaoxing 312071, China
4
Shaoxing Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Yellow Rice Wine, Shaoxing 312000, China
According to the chronicles of the Changshan County and the records of family genealogy all over the country, a large number of oil camellias have been planted in the early Song Dynasty and the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Tea oil in the middle of the Ming Dynasty has been widely planted in the mountains and hills. During the period of the Republic of China, there were oil camellias in all counties of the country. Camellia oil in Changshan County is seed oil extracted from Camellia fruit grown in mountain area. The main componen
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