Dominated Effect Analysis of the Channel Size of Silica Support Materials on the Catalytic Performance of Immobilized Li
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Dominated Effect Analysis of the Channel Size of Silica Support Materials on the Catalytic Performance of Immobilized Lipase Catalysts in the Transformation of Unrefined Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel Haidong Zhang & Yu Zou & Yu Shen & Xue Gao & Xuxu Zheng & Xianming Zhang & Youpeng Chen & Jinsong Guo
Published online: 24 June 2014 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract Three mesoporous silica materials with various channel sizes and structures were employed to prepare immobilized lipase catalysts for the transesterification of unrefined wasted cooking oil (UWCO) to biodiesel at room temperature. The channel size of support material was found to be the key point to obtain high initial specific activity and high sustainability of activity of the immobilized lipase catalysts. A SBA-15 material with appropriate channel size (14.0 nm) demonstrates the best capacity of lipase. The immobilized catalyst with the SBA-15 material shows much higher activity and sustainability of activity than the immobilized catalysts with a MCM-41 material (channel size 1.8 nm) and a mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) material (channel size 28.0 nm) as support materials in the transformation of UWCO to biodiesel. After 60 h of reaction at 28 °C, a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield up to 80.1 and 71.8 % of initial specific activity can be achieved using SBA-15-immobilized lipase.
Keywords Immobilized lipase . Channel size . Biodiesel . Waste cooking oil . Mesoporous silica materials H. Zhang (*) : Y. Zou : Y. Shen : X. Gao : X. Zheng : X. Zhang Engineering Research Centre for Wasted Oil Recovery Technology of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China e-mail: [email protected] Y. Shen (*) : Y. Chen : J. Guo Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels to conventional diesel fuel. The most common way to produce biodiesel is the transesterification of biomass oils such as those obtained from palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower, castor oil, and also animal oils and the oils from microbes and microalgae [1–3]. However, a major challenge to biodiesel production from these feedstock materials is the high cost, which can be 75 % above in the biodiesel industry, of raw materials [4]. As a promising alternative raw material for the production of biodiesel, wasted cooking oil (WCO) is much cheaper than the aforementioned raw materials, and consequently, the total manufacturing cost of biodiesel can be significantly reduced [5–8]. In addition, the quantity of WCO generated per year by any country is huge and the disposal of WCO is always problematic [4]. In China, the annual production of WCO was 3.98 million tons in 2012 and will reach 5.77 million tons in 2020 [9]. The use of WCO to produce biodiesel can help t
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