Earth Observations for Coastal Hazards Monitoring and International Services: A European Perspective
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Earth Observations for Coastal Hazards Monitoring and International Services: A European Perspective Jérôme Benveniste1 · Mioara Mandea2 · Angélique Melet3 · Pierric Ferrier4 Received: 11 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This article aims to provide a tour of satellite missions for Coastal Hazards Monitoring, of relevant applications, as well as the downstream International Services such as the Copernicus Ocean and Land Monitoring Services. Earth observation (EO) satellite remote sensing provides global, repetitive and long-term observations with increasing resolution with every new generation of sensors. They permit the monitoring of small-scale signals like the ones impacting the coastal zone. EO missions are showcased in this article. Transforming the data products based on the satellite mission ground segment (usually called geophysical products, geophysical data records or so-called Level 2 products) into information useable by managers and decision-makers is done by downstream international services. This is an essential step to increase the uptake of satellite data for the benefit of society. Here, the type of services provided by, e.g., the European Copernicus Programme, is described along with examples of applications, such as monitoring storm surges. Keywords Earth observation satellite missions · Satellite data products · International services · Coastal zone · Coastal hazards · Copernicus
1 Introduction Coastal zones are observed by Earth observation (EO) satellite missions since the onset of the space era. Data products provided by the satellite mission ground segment are used by scientists to monitor coastal zone parameters. Scientists develop alternate novel EO data processing algorithms to enhance the data quality (precision, resolution) for a better monitoring of the coastal zone, both on the marine side and the land side. The definition of the coastal zone, its population and urbanisation, its social and economic impact, its biological value (marine flora and fauna), its development and evolution, * Jérôme Benveniste [email protected] 1
European Space Agency (ESA-ESRIN), Largo Galileo Galilei, 1, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
2
CNES - Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 2 Place Maurice Quentin, 75039 Paris, France
3
Mercator Ocean International, 8 rue Hermès, 31520 Ramonville‑Saint‑Agne, France
4
CNES- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 Ave. E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Surveys in Geophysics
and its exploitation (offshore oil and gas, maritime and coastal tourism, port and transport activities, fisheries, aquaculture, ocean-extractable energy, marine safety and surveillance) are reported in Melet et al. (2020). The important role of the coastal zone and therefore the detrimental impact of coastal hazards, be they natural or anthropogenic, is also stressed in Melet et al. (2020). Monitoring the coastal zone is consequently a fundamental first step to protect the wellbeing of the large number of people li
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