Eco-environmental surface modelling requires integration of both extrinsic and intrinsic informations
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o-environmental surface modelling requires integration of both extrinsic and intrinsic informations Wolfgang HABER
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Technical University of Munich, WZW Faculty, Freising D-85354, Germany Received March 8, 2020; revised October 4, 2020; accepted November 2, 2020; published online November 25, 2020
Citation:
Haber W. 2020. Eco-environmental surface modelling requires integration of both extrinsic and intrinsic informations. Science China Earth Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-020-9695-1
Extrinsic information, from satellite observations and the outputs of spatial models, and intrinsic information, from ground observations and spatial sampling, provide two different but complementary streams of information about the Earth’s surface. These extrinsic and intrinsic informations are indispensable for the modelling of the Earth’s surface systems along with an appropriate method for integrating these two kinds of information. Building on this idea, the fundamental theorem for Earth’s surface system modeling (FTESM) was proposed, from which several corollaries have been deduced, corresponding to spatial interpolation, spatial upscaling, spatial downscaling, data fusion and model-data assimilation, respectively (Yue et al., 2016). The corollaries of spatial interpolation and data fusion were used in the Methodological Assessment Report on Scenarios and Models of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES, 2016). The role of this methodological assessment is defined by the Plenary of Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) as “guiding the use of scenario analysis and modelling in all work under IPBES to ensure the policy relevance of its deliverables” [Annex I, IPBES-2/5] (https:// ipbes.net/). The FTESM was, in turn, referenced by The Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES, 2019). However, the terminology used by the FTESM does not match the conceptual system of IPBES. Thus, a fundamental
theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling (FTEEM) has been developed for eco-environmental surface modeling (Yue et al., 2020). The eco-environmental surfaces include surfaces of nature, surfaces of nature’s contributions to people, and surfaces of the driving forces of natural changes. The FTEEM is stated as follows: an eco-environmental surface is uniquely defined by both extrinsic information and intrinsic information of the surface that can be simulated with an appropriate method for integrating the global and local information, such as high accuracy surface modelling (HASM), when the spatial resolution of the surface is fine enough to capture the attribute(s) of interest. The FTEEM and FTESM have the same meaning with respect to the underlying theory but the terms mean this can be easily understood by different research fields. In fact, the need to combine extrinsic information with intrinsic information is a frequently discussed topic in ecoenvironmental surface modelling. For instance, ground observation can obtain high accuracy data at
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